【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 Procurement of the engine50Procurement of mechanical parts10Procurement of the control unit10Installation I15100InstallationInstallation II20100InstallationExternal Inspection1external, Specification activities can be performed in a consecutive order only. Specification starts with the cabine. After pletion, the specification of the engine can be done. Then, the mechanical parts can be designed. The last activity is the design of the control unit.After the pletion of each specification activity, the procurement of the specific item can be effected.After the procurement of all parts the Installation can start and must be done in two consecutive steps (I + II).The final activity of the project is external inspection.A 10% planning reserve on the baisis of planned cost is required. No actual cost should be posted to this WBS element.Corresponding materials assigned to the purchasing activitiesParameters f252。r EarnedValue AnalysisAll specification activities and Installation II use the 2080 Method for performance measurement. Procurement activities use 0–100 method.Installation I has 3 milestones, viz. Preparation finished (20%), Installation finished (80%), Quality checked (100%). Data for Project RealizationActivityStartEndWorkSpecification of the cabine20Specification of the engine30Specification of mechanical parts20Specification of the control unitProcurement of the cabineProcurement of the engineProcurement of mechanical partsProcurement of the control unitInstallation IInstallation IIExternal InspectionExternal inspection had to be paid in advance at (100000 ATS).All material was taken from stock at given time.5 Planning the project structure GeneralEach project starts with the definition and classification of the structures required for processing and the incorporation of these into the existing enterprise structure.The Project System has no organizational structures of its own。 it has to be incorporated into the existing structure by making assignments to the organizational units in Accounting and Logistics. SAP Online Documentation IDES Release After that, the project is broken down into meaningful pieces in a hierarchy reaching from tasks to the lowest level, the work packages.Datastructure in SAP As mentioned above, the project must be incorporated into the existing structure by assigning organizational units in Accounting and Logistics.Source: SAP Online Documentation IDES Release This chart provides an overview of what can be assigned to a project and its ponents. We will define the SAP vocabulary later on.The workbreakdownstructure (WBS) defines the hierarchy of the tasks within a project and divides the project into useful steps.To control costs assigned to WBS elements, operative indicators are used.The following operative indicators can be assigned to a WBS element:PlanningWBS elements for which costs can be plannedAccount assignmentWBS elements to which costs can be assignedBillingWBS elements to which revenues can be posted Implementation in SAPIn this section we create a new project. We then will have a look at the control parameters. After that we enter the work breakdown structure. Finally, the status concept of SAP R/3 will be explained.Create new project Thus, we get to the initial screen:We enter our project definition, a description of our project and select the standard profile for projects.In our case, we only set a finish date. When pressing Enter, a warning message that this date is not a working day might occur. One can pass the warning by pressing EnterWe then save our work and get the confirmation that the project has been created.Note: It is wise to save your work from time to time. We will not mention the save procedure in the rest of the manuscript!To continue, we have to choose to change our project.Make sure that the checkbox with activities is always checked. Click execute to proceed.Now he have created a new project. Although we have not keyed in any data except the Project Profile Number, many parameters have already been assigned to our new project. General control parametersClick here to view the global parameters. This section should provide you with a basic insight into which parameters are set. If you feel that the results calculated by R/3 are not logical, you should have an idea where to start searching the relevant customizing details.The project profile specifies general data like Controlling area, Plant, Factory calendar, Planning method etc. When creating the project, the profile is choosen.The network profile specifies general data like settings for the graphical representation, activity parameters, like the currency default of externally processed activities.In the WBS scheduling profile items like the scheduling type (forward, backward) are specified. The budget profile specifies items like budgeting currency, the valid time horizon for budgeting back in to the past or into the futureThe planning profile specifies, ., costing variant and time horizon.Planning parametersIn the general parameter section, many parameters are set as discussed above. Naturally, one can override a part of them in the current project. However, we are not changing any parameters. Here you can specify if you want to use topDown, bottom up, or open planning. Here we specify what the system should do if scheduling determines dates which are not within the basic dates. In case, the scheduled dates should be taken over as new dates.An important parameter is the scheduling type. Here you specify, if you want to use forward, backward or other scheduling types. Start entering the data given in the screenshot bel