【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 象他以前所相信的那么完美。他猶豫不決，不敢把他的發(fā)現(xiàn)公布于世。與此同時(shí)，其他的科學(xué)家也注意到太陽(yáng)的這個(gè)缺陷，并宣布了這個(gè)事實(shí)。But Galileo continued his observations and was soon rewarded with another discovery. Fixing his attention on a single sunspot (太陽(yáng)黑子) group, he noticed that in a few days it had moved in position, just as if the sun itself were turning. Afterwards he found a sunspot group which lived long enough to disappear from view on the western limb (邊緣) of the sun, to reappear on its eastern limb, and finally to regain its old position. This led him to conclude that the sun itself was rotating and that the time it took to make one plete turn was about twentyfive to twentyseven days. Actually we know from the drawings which Galileo made of sunspots that there must have been quite a lot of them at the time of his observations in the years 1611 and 1612. If he had gone on making his drawings in the years that immediately followed, we know that he would almost certainly have noticed that sunspots were being fewer and smaller. But he became interested in other things and so he failed to recognize that there is a kind of longterm cycle in sunspot activity, the sunspots increasing and decreasing as the years go on. Later this discovery of the sunspot activity was made by one of the most patient observers in the history of science, a German chemist, Charles Schwabe.但是，伽利略繼續(xù)進(jìn)行觀測(cè)，不久，他的努力獲得了另一發(fā)現(xiàn)。他把注意力集中在一群太陽(yáng)黑子上，他發(fā)現(xiàn)，在幾天內(nèi)，這群黑子的位置起了變化，宛如太陽(yáng)本身在轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。后來(lái)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)有一群黑子在太陽(yáng)西部的邊緣上停留了一段時(shí)間才消失，然后在太陽(yáng)的東部邊緣上最后回復(fù)原位。此種現(xiàn)象導(dǎo)致他得出這樣的結(jié)論：太陽(yáng)本身在旋轉(zhuǎn)，旋轉(zhuǎn)一周約需二十五到二十七天。直，我們從伽利略所畫的太陽(yáng)黑子圖中知道，在一六一一和一六一二年他觀察太陽(yáng)期間，一定曾出現(xiàn)過(guò)大量的太陽(yáng)黑子。如果在隨后的幾年中，他繼續(xù)把這些太陽(yáng)黑子描畫下來(lái)，我們相信，他大概一定會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)太陽(yáng)黑子正在變得愈來(lái)愈少和愈來(lái)愈小。可是，那時(shí)候，他卻對(duì)其他事物發(fā)生的興趣，因此，他看不到在太陽(yáng)黑子的活動(dòng)中存在著一種長(zhǎng)期的周期，隨著歲月的消逝，太陽(yáng)黑子會(huì)時(shí)多時(shí)少。后來(lái)，發(fā)現(xiàn)太陽(yáng)黑子活動(dòng)周期的是人是科學(xué)史上最有耐心的觀察者之一——德國(guó)化學(xué)家查爾斯許偉勃。三. 1982年考研英語(yǔ)翻譯真題及答案解析Section VI ChineseEnglish TranslationTranslate the following sentences into English. (15 points)1. 隨著時(shí)間的過(guò)去，他將會(huì)懂得我所講的話。1. As time goes on, he will understand what I said.2. 聽說(shuō)那個(gè)地區(qū)的工廠比1970年增加了兩倍。2. We have been told that there are now three times as many factories in that district as in 1970.3. 在這個(gè)季節(jié)保持蔬菜新鮮可不容易。3. It is hard work keeping vegetables fresh in this season.4. 只要我們繼續(xù)努力工作，我們就能提前完成任務(wù)。4. So long as we continue to work hard, we can finish the task ahead of schedule.5. 盡管我們的政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)制度存在著巨大差異，我們兩國(guó)在許多方面有著共同的利益。5. Despite the great differences between our political and economic systems, our two countries share a wide range of mon interest.Choose either of the following two passages and translate it into Chinese. (30 points)(1)In country after country, talk of nonsmokers’right is in the air. While a majority of countries have taken little or no action yet, some 30 nations have introduced legislative steps to control smoking. Many laws have been introduced in other countries to help clear the air for nonsmokers, or to cut cigarette consumption.In some developed countries the consumption of cigarettes has bee more or less stabilized. However, in many developing nations, cigarette smoking is seen as a sign of economic progress —and is even encouraged. As more tobacco panies go international, new markets are sought to gain new smokers in those countries. For example, great efforts are made by the American tobacco industry to sell cigarettes in the Middle East and North Africa —where . tobacco exports increased by more than 27 percent in 1974.Smoking is harmful to the health of people. World governments should conduct serious campaigns against it. Restrictions on cigarette advertisements, plus health warnings on packages and bans on public smoking in certain places such as theatres, cinemas and restaurants, are the most popular tools used by nations in support of nonsmokers or in curbing smoking. But world attention also is focusing on another step which will make the smoker increasingly selfconscious and unfortable about his habit. Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially of the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit. And cigarette price should be boosted.In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much betteroff if smoking were banned altogether, but people are not ready for such drastic action.(1)不吸煙者的權(quán)利問(wèn)題，正在一個(gè)又一個(gè)國(guó)家里開始議論。至今多數(shù)國(guó)家很少或還沒(méi)有采取措施，有三十個(gè)左右的國(guó)家已經(jīng)采取法律程序控制吸煙。另一些國(guó)家則已制訂旨在為不吸煙者凈化空氣或消減紙煙消費(fèi)量的多種法律。在某些發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家中。紙煙的消費(fèi)量已漸趨穩(wěn)定。然而在許多發(fā)展中國(guó)家里，吸煙卻被視為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的一種標(biāo)志——甚至受到鼓勵(lì)。隨著更多的煙草公司走上國(guó)際化的道路，它們?cè)谶@些國(guó)家中尋找新的市場(chǎng)，爭(zhēng)取更多的吸煙者。例如美國(guó)煙草工業(yè)就力圖在中東和北非推銷香煙——在這些地區(qū)，美國(guó)煙草出口量在1974年增加了百分之二十七以上。吸煙對(duì)人民健康有害。世界各國(guó)政府應(yīng)該開展認(rèn)真的反對(duì)吸煙運(yùn)動(dòng)。限制香煙廣告，每包香煙上加印有害健康的警告，以及禁止在諸如影劇院和餐館等某些公共場(chǎng)所吸煙，這些都是許多國(guó)家用以支持不吸煙者和控制吸煙最常用的辦法。同時(shí)，人們也正把注意力集中在另一項(xiàng)措施上。這項(xiàng)措施將使吸煙者越來(lái)越意識(shí)到自己的不良習(xí)慣并為此感到不安。應(yīng)該作出巨大努力告訴青年人抽煙的危害性，特別是養(yǎng)成抽煙習(xí)慣的可怕后果。而且香煙價(jià)格應(yīng)予提高。從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)觀點(diǎn)看，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，如果能完全禁止吸煙，那么每個(gè)人的境況將得到很大的改善。但對(duì)于采取這種極端措施，人們尚無(wú)準(zhǔn)備。(2)Nuclear power’s danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human senses. It can’t be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we can’t detect them, sense them, without a radio receiver. Similarly, we can’t sense radioactivity without a radiation detector. But unlike mon radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things.At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being outright by killing masses of cells in vital organs. But even the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no level of radiation that is pletely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage many not be significant. This is the case when only a few cells are hit, and if they are killed outright. Your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in a deformed way. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years.This is another reason for some of the mystery ab