【文章內容簡介】 name. Yuelu Academy, Bai Lutong Academy in Jiangxi province, Sonyang Academy and Huaiyang Academy in Henan province are known as China39。s four great academies.好，現(xiàn)在讓我們來感受一下千年學府濃厚文化信息吧。從岳麓書院的這幅平面圖上大家可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，岳麓書院的古建筑在布局上所采用的是中軸對稱，縱深多進的院落形式，其中講堂是位于中軸線的中心，也是整個書院的中心位置，書院的建筑主要有三個部分功能：講學、藏書和祭祀。 OK, now let us experience the strong cultural information of this millennium institution. From the plane graph of Yuelu Academy, you can find that the ancient buildings of Yuelu Academy is symmetric in the layout and is formed with many indepth courtyards. The lecture hall is located in the center of the axis, which is also the center of the whole academy. There are mainly three partial functions for Academy39。s building: giving lectures, storing books and doing sacrificial offering.這里是赫曦臺，赫曦臺是古時候酬神演戲的的舞臺。朱熹在岳麓書院講學的時候，常常很早就爬起來跑到岳麓山上去看日出，看到日出就拍手歡呼“赫曦，赫曦”，意思是紅紅的太陽升起來了，后來張栻就修了一個臺，取名“赫曦臺”。This is He Xi Stage, where Godrewarding activities are performed in ancient times. Zhu Xi, one of NeoConfucians in the Song Dynasty, often got up very early to clime the Yuelu Mountain to see the sunrise。 when he saw the sunrise, he often rejoiced with clapping and cheers “ He Xi, He Xi”, which means the red sun rose up。 later, Zhangshi, the president of Yuelu Academy, built a stage named He xi Stage. 沿著中軸線我們來到了岳麓書院的大門，請大家抬頭看一下，大門上“岳麓書院”這塊匾，這是宋真宗御賜的，大家再看一下兩邊的對聯(lián)，“惟楚有才，于斯為甚”。上聯(lián)“惟楚有才”是出自左傳，下聯(lián)“于斯為甚”是出自論語，那么這一幅對聯(lián)也道出了岳麓書院做為天下最輝煌的英才匯粹之地的歷史史實。Along the central axis, we e to the gate of Yuelu Academy. Please look up and you can see a horizontal inscribed board with four big Chinese characters “岳麓書院”(Yuelu Academy), which was bestowed by Song Zhenzong, one of Chinese emperor in Song Dynasty. Now, please look at both sides of the couplet “惟楚有才，于斯為甚”,which means there are most talented people here in Chu. 我們現(xiàn)在來到了講堂，講堂是講學是中心場所，后來因為朱熹寫了“忠孝廉節(jié)”四個大字，所以又稱“忠孝廉節(jié)堂”。講堂內共有三塊匾，分別是“實事求是”、“學達性天”和“道南正脈”。Now we are in the lecture hall。 it is the central place for lecture. Later, Zhu Xi wrote “忠孝廉節(jié)” in this lecture hall which means “to be loyal, filial，incorrupt and economical”. In the lecture hall, there are three plaques, namely 實事求是, “學達性天” and “道南正脈”. 首先我們來看一下第一塊匾“實事求是”，這是民國初期湖南工專校長賓步誠所撰寫的。毛澤東青年時曾入居學院的半學齋，“實事求是”對他的思想形成產生了重大的影響，在后來的革命實踐中，他豐富和發(fā)展了實事求是的內涵，使實事求是成為了毛澤東思想的精髓。First, let’s e to see the first plaque “實事求是”. It means “to seek truth from facts”. Written by a president in a college in Hunan Province in the early Republic of China, it had a significant impact on the formation of Mao Zedong Thought when he stayed in this academy. In the later revolutionary practice, President Mao Zedong enriched and developed the connotation of “seeking truth from facts”, which then has bee the essence of Mao Zedong Thought.大家再過來看下第二塊匾“學達性天”，這是康熙皇帝御賜的，“學達性天”是一種理學思想，這里的“性”指的是人性，“天”是指天道，程朱理學認為人的善良本性是天道所賦，教育的目的是要恢復人的天命之性，達到天人合一的境界，皇帝所賜匾意在勉勵學子張揚理學，加強自身的修養(yǎng)，同時告訴人們在這里求學可以獲得德行修養(yǎng)，達到天人合一的學問的最高境界。Now, let’s e to see the second plaque “學達性天”. It means that people can restore nature and thus achieve the harmony between human and nature. It was a NeoConfucianism thought and the plaque was bestowed by Emperor Kangxi to encourage the students to develop the NeoConfucianism and strengthen their selfcultivation. Meanwhile, this plaque also tells people that they can get the moral selfcultivation and thus achieve the highest state of the harmony between human and nature through studying here.最里面的這塊“道南正脈”匾是乾隆皇帝為了表彰岳麓書院在傳播理學方面的功績所賜的，其意思是岳麓書院所傳播的朱章“湖湘學”是理學向南傳播后的正統(tǒng)，匾為原物，這里的道指的就是理學，說了那么多大家可能會問，什么是理學呢？理學就是儒家學說發(fā)展到宋朝時的一種稱法。理學的開山鼻祖是我們湖南籍的一位叫周敦頤的老先生，而發(fā)展壯大理學思想的則是著名的程頤、程顥兩兄弟。The innermost plaque “道南正脈” was bestowed by Emperor Qianlong in Tang Dynasty to mend Yuelu Academy’s contribution in developing Neoconfucianism. Then what is NeoConfucianism? It was another name of Confucian doctrine when it was developed in Song Dynasty. The founder is Zhou Dunyi with Hunan nationality. But it was the two brothers Cheng Hao and Cheng jing who developed the NeoConfucianism.大家再往下看，講堂的正中是一個高約一米是長方形講壇，這是以前老師講課的地方，上面擺了二把椅子是為了紀念張栻和朱熹這兩位大師而設的，當年二位匯講的時候盛況空前，從全國各地趕來聽講的人數(shù)達數(shù)千，可見當時朱張兩人的名聲之大，想想看歷史上多少名人，如曾國藩、左宗棠、王夫之、魏源等等，當年他們就是坐在這底下聽老師講課的。OK, now let’s go on. In the middle of the lecture hall, there is a rectangular forum where teachers gave their lectures to their students. On the forum, there are two chairs which were designed for the two masters Zhu Xi and Zhang Shi. These two masters are very popular and thousands of people from all over the country came to listen to their lectures. Just to think that such great historical figures as Zeng Guofan, Zuo Zongtang, Wang Fuzhi and Wei Yuan and so on sat here to listen to the teachers’ lectures下面我們將要參觀的是書院做為藏書功能的部分“御書樓”，這里是書院里藏書的地方，相當于我們現(xiàn)在的圖書館。好了，我們今天的游覽也要結束了，經(jīng)過今天的參觀相信大家對于岳麓書院這一千年學府的歷史和文化已經(jīng)有了一個大致的了解，謝謝大家！Finally, we will e to visit “御書樓” which is the place to store books and just like the library. Ok, after a daylong visit, I believe that everyone may have a general idea of the history and culture of this millennium institution Yuelu Academy. Now today’s tour is over, thank you!蘇仙嶺 （盧晶老師譯）大家好！歡迎來到郴州蘇仙嶺旅游觀光。蘇仙嶺又叫牛脾山，相傳西漢時期蘇耽成仙的故事就發(fā)生在這里，所以稱之為蘇仙嶺，享有“道家天下第十八福地”之稱。Good morning, ladies and gentlemen! Wele to Suxian ridge for sightseeing. Suxian ridge is also famed with Niupi mountain. Legend has it that Su Dan bee an immortal in the period of the Western Han Dynasty. That’s how the ridge got its name.大家眼前看見一座古樸的院落，這里就是在歷史上赫赫有名的“郴州旅舍”。 郴州旅舍本是古代一座平淡無奇的客棧，因蘇東坡的弟子、“蘇門四學士”之一的秦觀曾經(jīng)在此居住，寫下了《踏莎行?郴州旅舍》這一千古名篇。原來的郴州旅舍早已毀棄，現(xiàn)在大家所看到的是在1989年按宋代營造法式和湘南民居風格重建的。Dear friends, here we are at “Chenzhou Hotel”. It was a mon ancient inn, but has been famous for Qin Guan. When he lived here, he wrote down the wellknown poem about Chenzhou Hotel, which entitled《Step Sally line Chenzhou Hotel》. The original Chenzhou Hotel has been destroyed in the war, and this is rebuilt in 1989 according to the construction french of Song Dynasty and folk house style of southern Hunan.大家現(xiàn)在看到的是湖南省重點文物保護單位“三絕碑”?！叭^碑”的三絕分別指的是：秦觀的詞，蘇軾的跋和米芾的字。南宋年間，郴州知軍鄒恭附