【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 or keep them. Our strength is our unity of purpose.To that high concept there can be no end save victory.論四大自由……我們努力保證未來的歲月能夠安定，我們期待著將來有一個(gè)建立在四項(xiàng)人類基本自由基礎(chǔ)之上的世界第一是在世界的一切地方，一切人都有言論與表達(dá)意見的自由。第二是在世界的一切地方，一切人都有自由以自己的方式崇拜上帝。第三是免于匱乏的自由。從世界范圍的意義上說就是在經(jīng)濟(jì)上達(dá)到諒解，保證世界的一切地方，每一個(gè)國家的居民都能夠過一種健康的和平生活。第四是免于恐懼的自由。從世界范圍的意義上說就是進(jìn)行世界性的徹底裁軍，使世界上的一切地方，沒有任何一個(gè)國家有能力向任何鄰國發(fā)起侵略行動(dòng)。這不是對遙遠(yuǎn)未來的黃金時(shí)代的幻想。這是我們所追求的世界必須具有的基礎(chǔ)，這世界可以在這個(gè)時(shí)代，由我們這一代人贏得。我們追求的世界，跟獨(dú)裁者企圖用炸彈炸出來的所謂“新秩序”的暴政正好相對立。我們以道德秩序這偉大的觀念來反對那種新秩序。一個(gè)正好的社會(huì)，能夠毫無恐懼的面對企圖主宰世界以及在別國發(fā)動(dòng)革命的各種計(jì)劃。自有美國歷史以來，我們就從事于改革—從事不間斷的和平改革。我們持久地進(jìn)行革命，沉靜地使革命不斷適應(yīng)外間變化的情況。我們的革命沒有集中營，也沒有萬人冢。我們要建立的世界秩序是自由國家之間的合作，是在一個(gè)友好文明的社會(huì)中共同工作。我們的國家已經(jīng)將她的命運(yùn)交托給千百萬自己的男女公民，由他們的雙手、頭腦和心靈來決定；我們的國家已經(jīng)將她對自由的信念置于上帝的指引之下。自由就是人權(quán)在所有地方高于一切。我們支持一切為了得到并保持這些權(quán)利而奮斗的人們。我們目標(biāo)一致，使我們得到力量。這種崇高的觀念舍勝利而外無其他結(jié)局。 are You Laughing?Thus laughter gradually became established as a capacity among virtually all human beings. In addition, laughter’s infectious quality helped distribute it as a characteristic mon to all mankind. Laughter was advantageous。 therefore it survived.Everyone likes a good laughter。 he brings good cheer with him wherever he goes, the very thought of him makes life more bearable. Even today our most highly paid entertainers are not tragedians but edians. Laughter is infectious, and most of us go out of our way to acquire the infection. We cannot think that it was otherwise in the earlier days of man’s evolution, and if that was indeed so, then it would follow that the capacity to laugh would tend to bee increasingly distributed as a trait mon to all men.In society, laughter became a characteristic that served to “humanized” men because it is essentially a social phenomenon, largely controlled by the civilization in which it takes place. The times change, and the situations about which laughter is acceptable change correspondingly. A few hundred years ago it was socially acceptable to laugh at the infirmities of others。 today it is unacceptable. In the western world it is not customary to smile at the reprimands of others, as it is in Japan. Personalities should smile or laugh in their photographs, but college professors should look serious. Each of these examples underscores laughter’s social function.這樣，笑就逐漸成為全人類的一種能力。此外，笑的感染力有助于把笑作為全人類共有的一種特性進(jìn)行傳播。笑是有益的，所以笑就流傳了下來。大家都喜歡善于笑的人，無論他到何處，都帶著令人愉快的歡笑，一想起他就會(huì)使生活變得比較可以忍受的了。就是在今天，享有高薪的娛樂者仍是喜劇演員。笑具有感染力，我們中的大多數(shù)人都樂于接受這種感染。我們認(rèn)為，在人類進(jìn)化的早期，情況不會(huì)與此相反。果真如此的話，那么就會(huì)得出這樣的結(jié)論：笑這種能力會(huì)傾向于不斷的傳播，從而成為全人類共有的一種特性。在社會(huì)中，笑成為一種特性，它可使人“具有人性”，因?yàn)樾?shí)質(zhì)上是一種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，在很大程度上是受到它所產(chǎn)生的那個(gè)文明的制約。時(shí)代在前進(jìn)，作為能使笑成為可接受的周圍的情景也在相應(yīng)的改變。曾在幾百年前，嘲笑別人的缺陷，還是受到社會(huì)接受的。而今天則不能接受了。在西方社會(huì)，人們不習(xí)慣于當(dāng)別人責(zé)罵時(shí)，還去微笑，但在日本卻可以。電影明星應(yīng)在照片中微笑或大笑，而大學(xué)教授則應(yīng)表現(xiàn)的嚴(yán)肅些。這些例子都強(qiáng)調(diào)了笑的社會(huì)作用。 Your Mind WonderUntil recently daydreaming was generally considered either a waste of time or a symptom of neurotic tendencies, and habitual daydreaming was regarded as evidence of maladjustment or an escape from life’s realities and responsibilities. It was believed that habitual daydreaming would eventually distance people from society and reduce their effectiveness in coping with real problems. At its best, daydreaming was considered a pensatory substitute for the real things in life.As with anything carried to excess, daydreaming can be harmful. There are always those who would substitute fantasy lives for the rewards of real activity. But such extremes are relatively rare, and there is a growing body of evidence to support the fact that most people suffer from a lack of daydreaming rather than an excess of it. We are now beginning to learn how valuable it really is and that when individuals are pletely prevented from daydreaming, their emotional balance can be disturbed. Not only are they less able to deal with the pressures of daytoday existence, but also their selfcontrol and selfdirection bee endangered.Recent research indicates that daydreaming is part of daily life and that a certain amount each day is essential for maintaining equilibrium. Daydreaming, science has discovered, is an effective relaxation technique. But its beneficial effects go beyond this. Experiments show that daydreaming significantly contributes to intellectual growth, powers of concentration, and the ability to interact and municate with others.直到最近白日做夢通常被認(rèn)為不是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間就是要患精神病的征兆。習(xí)慣性白日做夢被看做精神失調(diào)的證據(jù)或是對現(xiàn)實(shí)生活和責(zé)任的逃避。人們相信，習(xí)慣性白日做夢會(huì)使人遠(yuǎn)離社會(huì)，降低其處理現(xiàn)實(shí)問題的效率。最好的情況來講，白日做夢被認(rèn)為是代替生活現(xiàn)實(shí)的補(bǔ)償品。任何事情做得過分都可能有害，白日做夢也是一樣?？傆心敲匆恍┤?，他們用想入非非的生活來代替實(shí)際活動(dòng)得到的好處。但是這一類極端的情況極為罕見，愈來愈多的資料都能證明這樣一種看法：大多數(shù)人的白日夢做的太少了，而不是太多了?，F(xiàn)在我們才開始了解到它確實(shí)是多么有價(jià)值。當(dāng)一個(gè)人被禁止做白日夢時(shí)，他們的感情平衡就可以被攪亂。不僅使他們更難以對付日常的生活壓力，而且他們的自我控制和自我定向變得岌岌可危。最近的研究表明，白日做夢是日常生活的一部分，每天做一定數(shù)量的白日夢多保持平衡是必不可少的?？茖W(xué)已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)白日夢是一種有效的消遣技巧。但它的有利影響不只這一點(diǎn)，實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，白日夢特別有助于智力的發(fā)展，有助于全神貫注的能力和與人交往、交流的能力。Small as it is, the pen has changed the course of history, shaped the destiny of nations, facilitated the merce of peoples, imprisoned the elusive thoughts of man, recorded events, carried news, and done more work for mankind than all other tools or weapons. Progress without it would have been almost impossible. The invention of the wheel and screw, the introduction of steampower, the use of electricity, all these have changed the lives of millions。 but the pen has done more. It has removed mountains. It has prepared the way for all advancement. Whatever plans have been drawn up, whatever laws formulated, have e from the pen.筆筆雖很小，卻已經(jīng)改變了歷史的進(jìn)程，決定了民族的興衰，推進(jìn)了民間的貿(mào)易, 鉗制了難以捉摸的不良思想，記錄事件，傳播消息，為人類做了比任何其他工具或武器更多的工作。沒有它，進(jìn)步幾乎是不可能的。車輪和螺絲的發(fā)明，蒸汽機(jī)的問世，電力的使用，所有這些都曾改變了億萬人的生活；然而，筆卻做得更多。他創(chuàng)造了奇跡。他為所有的前進(jìn)鋪平了道路。任何計(jì)劃的擬訂，任何法律的制定，無一不出自于筆。11. The Abdication Speech of Edward VIIIDecember 11，1936At long last I am able to say a few words of my own. I have never wanted to withhold anything, but until now it has not been constitutionally possible for me to speak.A few hours ago I discharged my last duty as King and Emperor, and now that I have been succeeded by my brother, the Duke of York, my first words must be to declare my allegiance to him. This I do with all my heart.You all know the reasons which have