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商務(wù)英語課文翻譯(賀雪娟)(編輯修改稿)

2025-05-03 12:51 本頁面
 

【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 cial Markets in GeneralI. Answer the following questions according to the text1. Is allocation of money in equilibrium at all times?No, the allocation of money is lopsided in various areas at different date. Therefore, the quantity of currency is more or less.2. Under what condition is credit conducted?Credit is conducted on the condition that the principal and the interest should be paid back later.3. What are finance and financial markets?Finance is usually defined as financing of money by penetration of payment, borrowing and lending of money. Financial markets are the markets for financing funds. There are two types of financial market: money market and capital market.4. What distinguishes money market and capital market?A way of distinguishing markets is on the basis of the maturity of the securities. The money market is a financial market in which only shortterm debt instruments are traded while the capital market is the market in which longerterm debt and equity instruments are traded.5. What methods can be used to prevent financial crisis?We can take measures such as strengthening macroeconomic control, improving foreign trade structure, watching the financial markets closely, and if necessary, we can apply for the help of those international organizations II. Fill in the table by giving the corresponding Chinese or English equivalents.currency circulation智能卡raising money支付工具stock market利率mercial paper金融中介financial crisis in southeast Asia外匯儲(chǔ)備III. Fill in the blanks with corresponding words in the box.(1) financial markets(2) motivations(3) warehouse(4) offset(5) capital markets Text B How Stocks WorkI. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the text.1. Whoever owns 49% of the voting shares can control the pany. (F)2. Internal stocks can be traded by employees only. (T)3. New stocks can be handled in the New York Stock Exchange. (F)4. People buy and sell stocks for quick gains or long term return. (T) 5. People are surely to make a fortune so long as they have blue chips invested. (F)II. Fill in the table below by giving the corresponding Chinese or English equivalents:authorized capital董事會(huì)go public上市公司mon stock優(yōu)先股secondary markets一級(jí)市場economic pulse每股收益率IV. In modern business, most of the panies are called limited panies. What does the word “l(fā)imited” mean? Is there any connection with stocks?The word “l(fā)imited” here means limited liability which means the shareholders are responsible only for the amount of capital they contribute, usually in the form of stocks they hold. This guarantees that the people who invest in the pany will not lose more than the amount of their investment if the pany goes bankrupt.Case Study The Bullish Bank Share of ICBCQuestions for Discussion1. What was the continuous rise of stock prices of ICBC mainly attributed to? The continuous rise of stock prices of ICBC was mainly attributed to the strategic advantage because of its rich client resources, significant assets, widespread networks and growing interbank revenue.2. What is the significance of ICBC’s subsequent going public? First of all, the modern banking practice can be introduced and the ownership structure can be improved so that efficiency and profitability can be ensured. Second, it makes the pattern of domination of institutional investors constantly change and enables the populace in China to be more conscious of investment. Last, it causes the ratio of stock market value to China’s Gross Domestic Product to rise steadily.Unit ThreeText A市場營銷概述大約十年以前,如果你問IBM的高層管理人員他們是做什么的,他們可能會(huì)回答:“我們銷售電腦的硬件和軟件?!庇捎谌狈κ袌鲞h(yuǎn)見,以產(chǎn)品為中心的IBM公司沒有注重客戶的需求。因此,當(dāng)客戶需求改變的時(shí)候,IBM卻沒有進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的調(diào)整,公司的業(yè)績也大幅度下滑。到90年代初期,大企業(yè)的市場份額和藍(lán)籌股價(jià)急劇下跌。在這段經(jīng)濟(jì)低靡的時(shí)期,IBM進(jìn)行了一場具有重大意義的改革:所有的高層管理人員在與重要客戶面談之后,將客戶的問題和要求上報(bào)給公司。其實(shí),在計(jì)算機(jī)市場,客戶不但要從公司購買電腦的硬件和軟件,更重要的是他們需要購買到能解決大量信息技術(shù)問題的方案?,F(xiàn)在,如果你要IBM的管理人員給他們的業(yè)務(wù)下個(gè)定義,他們會(huì)告訴你:“我們?yōu)榭蛻舻娜魏螁栴}提供解決方案。”大公司營銷策略的轉(zhuǎn)變?nèi)〉昧司薮蟮某晒?。那么,什么是市場營銷呢?市場營銷的定義美國市場營銷協(xié)會(huì)將市場營銷的定義為:計(jì)劃和執(zhí)行觀念,商品和服務(wù)的構(gòu)思,定價(jià)、促銷和分銷以便產(chǎn)生滿足個(gè)人、組織和社會(huì)目標(biāo)的交易的過程。IBM的營銷經(jīng)理們?nèi)绻胍〉煤玫匿N售成績,他們必須要明白客戶的需要就是他們的目標(biāo)。如果不遵循這一原則,他們生產(chǎn)出來的產(chǎn)品將一無是處,也無人問津?!罢业娇蛻舻男枨蟛⑶冶M力滿足”就是市場營銷的主旨,換句話說,就是要“找到一個(gè)市場,并為其服務(wù)?!笔袌鰻I銷組合策略一旦確定了客戶的需求,營銷人員就應(yīng)該盡力滿足這些要求,有四點(diǎn)需要注意,第一,要求生產(chǎn)出合適的產(chǎn)品,這是物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。要使產(chǎn)品能盡量接近客戶的要求,企業(yè)就要通過改變現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品類型、改進(jìn)產(chǎn)品的特點(diǎn)和包裝或用另一種方法來描述這個(gè)產(chǎn)品等方式生產(chǎn)出“量體裁衣”型的產(chǎn)品。第二點(diǎn)是關(guān)于交付貨物的整個(gè)體系:生產(chǎn)者必須及時(shí)將貨物運(yùn)至消費(fèi)者可以購買到的地方。第三點(diǎn)就是消費(fèi)者可以通過廣告被告知這個(gè)商品的用途,營銷人員應(yīng)該與客戶溝通,并說服他們購買。第四就是這個(gè)商品應(yīng)該有一個(gè)合理的定價(jià),既可以讓消費(fèi)者買得起,又能贏得市場競爭。營銷學(xué)家麥卡錫將以上四點(diǎn)歸納為四個(gè)“P”,即:產(chǎn)品、價(jià)格、渠道和促銷。產(chǎn)品“產(chǎn)品”指的是與產(chǎn)品相關(guān)的所有因素,包括實(shí)物銷售和提供的服務(wù),產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)必須基于客戶的需求也必須與競爭對(duì)手相區(qū)別。價(jià)格盡管價(jià)格也是四項(xiàng)要素之一,但也應(yīng)該作為一個(gè)單獨(dú)內(nèi)容來設(shè)定。在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中,不論是窮人還是富人,都對(duì)價(jià)格很敏感,因此,為了吸引客戶和贏得競爭,企業(yè)通常會(huì)努力降低價(jià)格。渠道銷售渠道指的是運(yùn)送產(chǎn)品的方式,企業(yè)必須要找到一條經(jīng)濟(jì)、快速的渠道來銷售產(chǎn)品,使得顧客在任何地點(diǎn)、任何時(shí)間都能夠購買到他們想要的商品。促銷促銷是讓產(chǎn)品和它的益處能被公眾知曉,并鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)者購買它。常用的促銷手段有廣告、包裝、宣傳冊和個(gè)人推銷等。隨著改革的深入和經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,管理人員們意識(shí)到長久的成功不在于生產(chǎn),也不在于銷售,而是必須首先要生產(chǎn)出能夠滿足客戶需求的產(chǎn)品。作為消費(fèi)者,我們的需求也將受到企業(yè)更多地關(guān)注。正是因?yàn)闋I銷,我們將可以在任何方便的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)購買到我們需要的商品。Text B市場選擇美國寶潔公司旗下有許多品牌的洗衣粉、洗手皂、香波、護(hù)膚品和一次性嬰兒尿布,如:汰漬、舒膚佳、玉蘭油、激爽、潘婷、海飛絲、沙宣和幫寶適等。而且,寶潔公司在不同的跨國市場還有很多其他的品牌。例如,它在拉丁美洲有16種不同品牌的洗衣產(chǎn)品,在歐洲、中東和非洲則有19種。這些寶潔的品牌常常出現(xiàn)在同一家超市的貨架上相互競爭。為什么寶潔的同一類商品確有好幾個(gè)品牌,而不是將所有的資源用來打造一個(gè)領(lǐng)軍的品牌?因?yàn)?,不同的消費(fèi)者需要購買價(jià)值不同的商品,以洗衣產(chǎn)品為例,人們用洗衣產(chǎn)品來清洗衣服,但是他們還有別的要求,比如價(jià)格便宜、可以漂白、可以使衣服柔軟或者具有一定的香味等。這就把洗衣產(chǎn)品的消費(fèi)者分為若干群體,每一個(gè)群體都有其特殊的要求。市場細(xì)分在這個(gè)紛繁復(fù)雜的世界里,沒有任何一家公司會(huì)天真到想要滿足所有人的全部需求,這也是一種無謂的野心。營銷人員早就意識(shí)到要想他們的努力有成效,并取得最后的成功,他們就必須要將一個(gè)或幾個(gè)市場“化整為零”,這就是“細(xì)分市場”。市場細(xì)分是指根據(jù)消費(fèi)人群的人口、心理、地理和對(duì)商品的期望值等因素,將有著對(duì)相類似產(chǎn)品感興趣的人群分組。在確定細(xì)分市場的時(shí)候,營銷人員通常要考慮消費(fèi)者的地理、人口、心理和使用習(xí)慣等要素。地理因素營銷人員要根據(jù)消費(fèi)者的不同國籍、民族,所處的國家或地區(qū),將其分為不同的細(xì)分市場。例如,加拿大坎布爾食品公司在密西西比銷售法式濃湯,在得克薩斯銷售帶辣味的奶油湯。人口因素消費(fèi)者因不同的年齡、性別、民族、宗教信仰、教育背景和收入,會(huì)有不同的消費(fèi)取向,因此可以分為不同的群體。寶潔公司向年齡在50歲以上的女性銷售富含維他命和保濕成分玉蘭油霜和乳液,宣稱這一產(chǎn)品能改善皮膚的彈性和促進(jìn)肌膚再生。心理因素我們還可以根據(jù)消費(fèi)者的態(tài)度、感情和觀點(diǎn)將市場細(xì)分。早在上世紀(jì)五十年代,福特公司和雪弗蘭公司就因其針對(duì)不同消費(fèi)者的性格特征而設(shè)計(jì)的廣告聞名于世。福特的車主通常都很獨(dú)立自主,也很大男子氣。而選擇雪弗蘭的消費(fèi)者則一般較保守,而且很節(jié)儉。產(chǎn)品使用因素購買了同一種商品的消費(fèi)者還可以根據(jù)其使用要求的不同來細(xì)分。以圓珠筆為例,學(xué)生們一般傾向于購買顏色鮮艷、設(shè)
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