【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 t I’ve done?奧， 醫(yī)生。 我快刮完下一排牙齒了。掛了好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。 看看刮的怎摸樣了？D:Yes, please. That looks fine, Miss Jones, but there’s still a little bit of calculus on the proximal surface of this tooth.好。 瓊司小姐， 看來(lái)刮的很好， 不過(guò)在這雙牙齒臨接面上還留有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)齒石。H:I see, Doctor.是的。 D:I’ll show you how to remove it. Use a Towner U15 scaler here. Be sure to reach under the particle of calculus and scrape upward.我做給你看怎樣把它刮掉。 用著一把 “湯納u –15 ”刮鋤器。 一定要刮到齒石粒的下面， 然后往上刮。 H: What if the tooth is loose?要是牙齒松動(dòng)怎摸辦？D:If the tooth is loose, you should hold it steady with a piece of gauze in your left hand. Did you review the patient’s home care technique?要是牙齒松動(dòng)， 你可以在左手里裹著紗布把牙齒固定住。 你了解了病人在家里是怎樣保護(hù)牙齒的嗎？H:Yes, I did. At the next appointment I’ll stain the teeth again. Then, I’ll repeat the instructions if it’s necessary了解了。 在下次預(yù)約治療時(shí)，我在給他的牙齒上著色劑。 然后如需要的話， 我再教他一次。 .D:Usually, it will take two or more instruction periods to teach effective home care. 教人如何在家保護(hù)牙齒通常要教兩次或更多一些。P:Doctor, should I do anything for my next appointment?醫(yī)生，關(guān)于下次預(yù)約治療我應(yīng)該做些什莫？D:Yes, Mrs. Williamson. I’d like you to keep a record of everything that you eat for a week. Bring it with you on your next appointment. I’ll analyze your food list, and make remendations to improve your eating habits. It will help you to prevent tooth decay and gum diseases.威廉森太太， 請(qǐng)你把你一星期內(nèi)吃的東西都記錄下來(lái)。 在下次預(yù)約時(shí)把記錄帶來(lái)。 到時(shí)我來(lái)分析分析你的食物表， 對(duì)改進(jìn)你的飲食習(xí)慣提出建議。 這樣可以幫住你防止蛀牙和防止齒齦炎發(fā)生疾病。 P:Thank you, Doctor.謝謝你， 醫(yī)生。 Useful Sentences1.What brand of toothbrush do you use?2.How do you brush your teeth?3.Would you describe your daily home care, please?4.The disclosing tablet will show me the bacterial plaque.5.Hold the hand mirror and watch me.6.Show me how you use dental floss, please.7.I39。ll scale and polish the teeth to remove the calculus and stains.8.How often do you have your teeth cleaned?9.I39。ll polish the teeth to make them smooth.10When was the last time you had your teeth cleaned?11Do you have a normal eating diet?12Bacteria is the most important cause of tooth decay, gum diseases, and calculus formation.Part 3第三章Operative Dentistry牙科手術(shù)D:Good morning Mrs. Hall. If none of your teeth are bothering you, I’ll restore (put a filling in, col.) the tooth with the largest cavity. This is the tooth that I’ll treat today. It would be best to use a silver amalgam restoration (filling, col.) here. The cavity is deep so we39。d better use a local anesthetic. Is that OK with you?霍爾太太，早安。 假如你的牙齒不讓你難受的話， 那莫 我就把蛀的最厲害的牙補(bǔ)一補(bǔ)。 我今天先補(bǔ)這雙牙。 最好的辦法就是用銀汞補(bǔ)上。蛀牙的洞太深了， 還是做局部麻醉好。 你看這樣好不好？P:Yes, go ahead, if you think that an anesthetic (novocaine, col,) is necessary. I don39。t like to have an anesthetic for small cavities. The sound and vibration of the handpiece (drill, col.) bother me. What can you do about my chipped front tooth? 好，要是你認(rèn)為需要麻醉的話， 就做麻醉吧。 蛀牙的洞小我就不想做麻醉了。 鉆牙器的聲音和震動(dòng)使我感到難受。 我缺了一塊的前齒該怎摸辦？D:That tooth needs a porcelain jacket or a ceramic veneer crown. I can39。t put in another silicate (synthetic porcelain) or plastic restoration because it wouldn39。t be strong enough. When a part of the biting edge of a tooth is lost, a stronger restoration is usually needed.需要作成瓷牙冠套或烤瓷冠套。 不能用矽酸鹽或塑膠補(bǔ)， 因?yàn)檫@樣作不到結(jié)實(shí)。 當(dāng)牙齒咬合處缺了一塊通常需要用好的料子補(bǔ)上。 P:What type of restoration do you use，Doctor?醫(yī)生，哪莫要用什莫藥 補(bǔ)上。D:Either a gold inlay or a crown. A crown would look much better. I don39。t think that you39。d like to have gold showing from a front tooth. We can start now. It shouldn39。t hurt. Please tell me if it isn39。t anesthetized (numb，col.). The decay was very close to the pulp.鑲上金牙或者鑲上齒冠。 鑲上齒冠會(huì)好看一些。我想你是不會(huì)喜歡在前牙上鑲金的。我們現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始吧。 不會(huì)痛的。 要是沒(méi)有麻醉好請(qǐng)告訴我。蛀牙的地方離牙髓很近。P:What will you do for that?怎么做呢？D:I39。ll put a special covering over the deepest part of the cavity to protect the pulp. It has calcium hydroxide in it. It will help to protect the pulp from injury. When a cavity is as deep as this one is, there39。s a chance that the pulp will die at some time in the future. 我要在蛀牙洞最深的地方特別塞上東西保護(hù)住牙髓， 這東西里面有氫氧化鈣， 它可以保護(hù)牙髓而不受損害。 象這棵牙的蛀洞那莫深， 很有可能在將來(lái)什莫時(shí)候牙髓是會(huì)壞死的。P:What is the chance of the pulp dying，Doctor?醫(yī)生，牙髓壞死是常見(jiàn)的死嗎？D:You can39。t be 100% sure in these cases，but I39。m very confident (sure) that everything will be OK. When the pulp of a tooth dies as a result of a deep cavity, the tooth will bee infected.你的情況不一定百分之百是牙髓壞死， 我有信心一切會(huì)弄好的。 當(dāng)蛀牙的洞太深， 使得牙髓壞死， 牙齒就會(huì)受到感染。P:What happens when a tooth is infected?牙齒受到感染將會(huì)怎樣？D:A toothache or swelling will eventually develop in a tooth that39。s infected. A tooth might bee infected many weeks or months after the decay has been removed.牙齒受感染的結(jié)果會(huì)引起壓痛和牙齦發(fā)腫。蛀掉的地方磨掉之后過(guò)了幾個(gè)星期或過(guò)了幾各月還是會(huì)感染的。P:Would there be any pain?會(huì)不會(huì)疼呢？D:There might not be any pain if the infection is mild or if it finds a way to drain (if a fistula develops). If the infection doesn’t put pressure on a nerve there won’t be any pain.假如感染輕微的話， 或者找到引流的通道的話， 就不會(huì)疼。 假如感染不壓迫神經(jīng)的話就不會(huì)感到痛。P:Sometimes my tooth is sensitive to cold.我的牙齒有時(shí)對(duì)冷有反映。D:I39。ll put a lining under the amalgam to insulate the tooth against sensitivity to cold. As you know, large fillings are sometimes sensitive to cold because metal is a good conductor of temperature changes. The tooth may be sensitive to hot and cold foods for a while in spite of the insulation. Don39。t worry, the sensitivity will disappear in a week or two. Close your teeth gently. Does the filling feel high?那麼， 我在銀汞下面墊上東西， 使 的牙齒決不會(huì)對(duì)冷有反映。 你是知道的， 填補(bǔ)進(jìn)去的東西要是很大的話， 那麼， 有時(shí)對(duì)冷是有反映的， 因?yàn)榻饘偈橇紝?dǎo)體， 對(duì)于溫度的變化是敏感的。 竟管有了絕緣物， 吃冷熱的東西時(shí)可能在短暫時(shí)間內(nèi)會(huì)有反應(yīng)的。不用擔(dān)心， 在一，兩周內(nèi)這種反應(yīng)是會(huì)消失的。 把你的牙齒輕輕地要緊。 補(bǔ)的東西感到高不高？P:It feels fine.感到合適。 D:Now tap your teeth together and slide your jaw from side to side. Good. That39。s it. The filling is finished.現(xiàn)在把你的牙齒輕輕地咬在一起， 然后把頜往兩側(cè)移動(dòng)。 好。 就是這樣， 補(bǔ)好了。P:Thank you, Doctor.謝謝你，醫(yī)生。D:Don39。t chew on that side of your mouth for at least 8 hours. That will give the filling a chance to harden. I39。ll polish it during your next appointment. As I said before, there39。s a sma