【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 在倒裝句的開頭。so接在肯定句后表示“也一樣”，句式：so+助動(dòng)詞+主語；neither接在一個(gè)否定句后面表示“也不，沒…….”句式：neither+助動(dòng)詞+主語I have read the book, so has he.Jim didn’t win the game, neither did Tom.3）already, yetalready和yet通常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，already用于肯定句，yet用于否定句和疑問句中。He has already finished his homework.Jim hasn’t e back yet.副詞的比較等級(jí)副詞和形容詞一樣，也有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)，其變化形式與形容詞的比較比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)一樣。第九課時(shí)介詞一、知識(shí)概述介詞是一種虛詞，一般在句子中不重讀，也不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)句子成分，但與它的介詞賓語一起構(gòu)成介詞短語，就可以在句子中作狀語、定語和表語。介詞又稱前置詞，一般位于名詞或代詞的前面，表示該詞與句子其他成分的關(guān)系。在學(xué)習(xí)介詞時(shí)，最重要的是掌握介詞的用法，動(dòng)介詞組的搭配，時(shí)間介詞、方位介詞、方向介詞、位置介詞、成語介詞以及動(dòng)向介詞和靜向介詞的比較和區(qū)別。二、介詞的定義及句法功能介詞是一種虛詞，在句中不單獨(dú)作任何句子成分，只表示其后的名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞語與其他句子成分的關(guān)系。介詞后的名詞，或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞組、短語或從句，稱為介詞賓語。介詞和介詞賓語一起構(gòu)成介詞短語。介詞短語在句中主要用作定語、狀語、表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。The boyover thereis my brother.（作定語）A friendin needis a friend indeed.（作定語）I shall meet youat the entrance of Qianmen Hotel.（作地點(diǎn)狀語）To their surprise, they saw not locusts, but seagulls.（作原因狀語）I’ll bein the officeevery afternoon.（作表語）He isn’tat home（作表語）The farmer made the kingout of the water.（作賓語補(bǔ)足語）I found everythingin good order（作賓語補(bǔ)足語）三、介詞與其他詞類的固定搭配。介詞和動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞等常構(gòu)成固定搭配。也就是說，在這些詞的后面，常常要求用一定的介詞。形容詞與介詞的固定搭配有些形容詞后面要求用固定的介詞，這類介詞常見的有：about, at, for, from, in, of, to, with（1）形容詞+aboutcareful abouthopeful aboutsure aboutHe is careless about his clothes（2）形容詞+atgood atsurprised atangry at（3）形容詞 +forfamous forready forsorry forI’m terrible sorry for telling him the truth.（4）形容詞+fromdifferent fromsafe fromHe was absent from class this morningMy sister is different from me in many ways.（5）形容詞+ininterested insuccessful inHe is interested in making model ships.名詞與介詞的固定搭配（1）名詞 +forHe made up an excuse for being late.Did you find the cause for your failure?（2）名詞 +inHe has some difficulty in translating the bookShe has made great progress in English.（3）名詞 +ofShe found another way of solving the problemHe forms a bad habit of getting up late（4）名詞 +onThere have been several attacks on foreigners recently.Have pity on me!（5）名詞 +withI wanted to have a talk with youHe is always getting into trouble with the police第十課時(shí)連詞一、知識(shí)概述連詞是一種虛詞，不能在句子中單獨(dú)作句子成分，也沒有句子重音，在句子中只起連接詞與詞、短語與短語、句子與句子以及從句的作用。連詞分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩種。并列連詞是連接彼此并列關(guān)系的詞。從屬連詞是用來引導(dǎo)從句的詞。二、并列連詞并列連詞用來連接具有并列關(guān)系的詞、短語或句子。并列連詞按其作用可分為表示轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、選擇和聯(lián)合關(guān)系等四大類。表示聯(lián)合關(guān)系的連詞，常見的有：and, not only……but also, as well as, both…and, neither…nor….Written English is more or less the same in both Britain and American.They were very surprised and I knew that I had done the right thing.Work hard and you’ll pass the exam=If you work hard, you’ll pass the exam.While I was in the university, I learned both English and Japanese.Both European and Asian speak RussiaYou can’t speak both American English and British English at the same time.Neither Tom nor you are a driver.Neither I nor he has seen the play.Neither of us is a teacherYou don’t like it, Neither do I .She is beautiful as well as clever.He is a great writer as well as a famous doctor.三、從屬連詞從屬連詞是用來連接各種從句的詞連接主語從句、表語從句與賓語從句的連詞只有三個(gè)，即that, if, whether。如：Ask her if she will e with me.The reason is that she never wasted her time.I don’t know whether he had passed the exam.引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞(1)連接時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞有：since, until, after, before, when, while, as soon as, whenever.I’ll tell you as soon as I know.(2)連接地點(diǎn)狀語從句的從屬連詞有: where, whereverSit wherever you like.I found my books where I had left them.(3)連接讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞有：although, though, even if, however.Although she was tired, she kept on working.(4)連接原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有：as, because, since, now that,He was absent because he was ill.(5)連接目的狀語從句的從屬連詞有：that, so that, in order that.He raised his voice so that we could hear him.(6)連接條件狀語從句的從屬連詞有：if, unless, once, in case.You’ll miss the train unless you hurry up.(7)連接結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞有：so…that, such…that.He came so late that he missed the class.(8)連接比較狀語從句的從屬連詞有：as…as…, not so…as…, less(more)…than, the …the…This is more thanIcan accept.(9)連接方式狀語從句的從屬連詞有：as, as ifIt looks as if it was going to rain.第十一課時(shí)動(dòng)詞（一）一、知識(shí)概述在英語中，每個(gè)句子必須有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞來擔(dān)當(dāng)謂語。說明主語“是什么”或“做什么”，動(dòng)詞是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞。動(dòng)詞和名詞、代詞一樣，有人稱和數(shù)的變化。謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)一般要與主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。學(xué)好了英語動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于學(xué)好了一半的英語語法，可見英語動(dòng)詞的重要性。在初中英語中，動(dòng)詞的分類、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)以及動(dòng)詞的各種形式之間的聯(lián)系，非謂語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成、用法等等貫穿整個(gè)初中課本，包括英語句型都離不開動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)或語態(tài)，因此在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)特別要注意英語中時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用和語態(tài)之間的區(qū)別。二、動(dòng)詞的分類及作用按照動(dòng)詞的詞義和在句中的作用，英語動(dòng)詞可分為行為動(dòng)詞（又叫實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）、連系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。行為動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，能獨(dú)立作謂語。如：She took pictures of treesHe is typing letters.行為動(dòng)詞又分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。（1）及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞后面必須跟賓語，意思才完整。I enjoyed the film very muchI gave the child another piece of cake.常見的能帶兩個(gè)賓語的動(dòng)詞有：bring, build, buy, cook, cut, draw, find, get, hand, leave, lend, make, offer, pass, pay, read, return, sell, show, teach, tell, write, etc.（2）不及物動(dòng)詞本身詞義完整，后面不要求跟賓語。如：Horses run fast.They work in a factory.She curled up in bed and began her book.連系動(dòng)詞（1）本身有詞義，不能在句子中單獨(dú)作謂語，必須和表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。常見的連系動(dòng)詞有：be, look, get, feel, sound, turn, smell, taste, bee.My father is an engineer.My brother has bee a doctor.It seems that he was a millionaire.I don’t feel very well today.（2）表示感覺知覺的動(dòng)詞可以是連系動(dòng)詞，如feel, touch, sound, smell.I can smell the sea.The customs officer looked carefully at their suitcases.I feel a pain in the arm.She looked worried about it.動(dòng)詞與介詞的固定搭配動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配主要指下列兩種形式：（1）動(dòng)詞+賓語+介詞The song alwaysremindsmeofmy school days.Parents usuallyexpecta lotoftheir children.I oftentakeherforher sister.Hehideeverythingfromme.The headmasterpraisedthe boyforhis courage.Theysuppliedpeoplewithenough food and drink.Theypresenteduswitha lot of flowers.The man wascharged withmueder.（2）動(dòng)詞+反身代詞+介詞dress oneself in。prepare oneself forgive oneself topride oneself onHegiveshimselftopop music.She alwaysdresses herself inwhite.第十二課時(shí)動(dòng)詞（二）一、動(dòng)詞的形式大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞有四種基本形式：現(xiàn)在式；過去式；過去分詞；現(xiàn)在分詞；現(xiàn)在式是字典中所給的形式，也可稱為動(dòng)詞原形。按照動(dòng)詞各種形式的構(gòu)成方法，動(dòng)詞可分為規(guī)則動(dòng)詞和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞兩類。第三人稱單數(shù)形式；加s的規(guī)則動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)