【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 look sb. up(拜訪某人)8. as if /though+虛擬語氣, 過去完成時(shí)總結(jié)as if /though 常在描述行為的動(dòng)詞后面使用, 如act/look/feel/appear/smell/sound, 后面要用虛擬語氣He looks as if he were a king. Her skin feels as if it were silk. The song sounds as if it were a sad story. He looked as if he had never lived in England. No sooner…than, hardly…when, country/countryside, continuously, continually,No sooner…than 一…就…與過去完成時(shí)連用I had no sooner e into the room than it began to rain.The bell had no sooner rung than the game began.如果no sooner 放在句首, 主句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝No sooner had I e into the room than it began to rain.No sooner had the bell rung than it began to rain.Hardly…when 幾乎沒來得及…就…與過去完成時(shí)連用He had hardly got the money when the policeman caught him.I had hardly finished the last question when the exam ended.如果hardly…when放在句首, 主句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝Hardly had he got the money when the policeman caught him.Hardly had I finished the last question when the exam ended.9. 直接引語變間接引語1. 引語前用that, 口語中可以省略2. 根據(jù)句意改變?nèi)朔Q3. 時(shí)態(tài)變化: 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí), 一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí), 一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí), 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí), 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí), cancould, maymight, musthad to, 4. 一些指示代詞及表示地點(diǎn)及時(shí)間的詞thisthat, thesethose, nowthen, today, tonightthat day, that night, this weekthat week, yesterdaythe day before, the previous day, last week the week before, two days agotwo days before(earlier), tomorrowthe next (following) day, next weekthe following week, herethere, e, bringgo, take如果意思上沒有必要改變就不用變了，比如在同一天說的話.She said she would e again tonight. He said he arrived yesterday morning.幾種特殊的間接引語n特殊疑問句, 語序要變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序“Where are you going?” he asked.He asked me where I was going.n一般疑問句, 要加if/whether “Will you e tomorrow?” he asked.He asked if I would e the next day.n祈使句要變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ? 所使用的謂語要根據(jù)語氣來選擇“Stay here,” the policeman said. The policeman requested him to stay there.“Close the window, please,” my mother said.My mother asked me to close the window. 常用的動(dòng)詞: advise, ask, beg, mand(命令), order, warn, tell, urge(催促), invite, persuade, remind, forbid10. 虛擬語氣在條件句中的用法, make/do 對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬, if從句中談?wù)摰氖窍胂蟮那闆r,主句則推測(cè)想象的結(jié)果結(jié)構(gòu): 主句用過去時(shí), 從句用過去將來時(shí)If you came here earlier, you would catch the train. If you spent more time on studying, you would get better result.If I were you, I would accept this offer.注意: 如果if從句中的動(dòng)詞是be, 那么應(yīng)該在第一和第三人稱單數(shù)名詞后用 were.Make/do用法make conversation(聊天), make the bed(鋪床), make a promise(許諾), make trouble(找麻煩), make progress(取得進(jìn)步), make money(賺錢), make a speech(演講,講話), make mistakes(犯錯(cuò)誤), make up one’s mind(下定決心)do one’s best(盡最大努力), do one’s homework(做家庭作業(yè)), do a few jobs(做家務(wù)), do sb. a favour(幫忙), do work(工作), do exercise(做練習(xí)), do shopping(購(gòu)物), do business(做生意)1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞need, must, have to 1. need 一般作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞使用l需要某物He needs a hat. Does he need a hat?l需要做某事need to doI need to have a rest. You need to finish your work.l需要被…,主語與need 后的動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)關(guān)系:need doing=need to be doneThe flowers need watering. =The flowers need to be watered.2. need用做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)一般為否定形式needn’t(不必要), 可以用來回答含有must, have to 的一般疑問句, 與don’t have to 同義Must I wash the dishes? No, you needn’t.3. need 完成式needn’t have done4. mustn’t 表示不應(yīng)該,一般口氣比較強(qiáng)硬,沒有商量.You mustn’t get up late.Remark/observe, notice2. have 用法總結(jié)have a ride(騎), have a look(看), have a wash(洗), have a swim(游泳), have a fight(打架), have quarrel(吵架), have a try(嘗試), have a rest(休息), have a smoke(吸煙), have a good sleep(睡覺)Pick sb up(接), pick up(拿出,學(xué)習(xí),找到), pick out(挑出), 3. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could/be able to do 1. can 表示可能性If you want, I can go with you.2. 表示天生或?qū)W到的能力, 可以用can/could/be able to do, 三者都可以用在現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí)中，在將來時(shí)中要用will be able to3. 表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事要用canLook! He can stand on his head.4. 表示成果的完成某個(gè)具體動(dòng)作時(shí)通常不用could而用be able to, 表示某動(dòng)作沒有成功用couldn’tCan he borrow a book successfully?Yes, he was able to borrow a book from his sister. No, he couldn’t.At 詞組At first(開始), at once(立即), at present(目前), at last(最后), at any rate(無論如何), at heart(本質(zhì)上), at least(至少), at times(不時(shí)), at a loss(不知所措)4. 復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)名詞用法1. 動(dòng)名詞可以做句子的主語,表語,賓語,介詞賓語2. 在含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語后面要用動(dòng)名詞, 如: look forward to, be accustomed to, be used to,be tired of , be thirsty of, go on, insist on etc.3. 有些動(dòng)詞后面既可用動(dòng)名詞也可以用不定式,所表達(dá)的意思沒有區(qū)別,常見的詞: start, begin, continue, delay, mean, 4. 有些動(dòng)詞后面加不定式表示一件具體的事情，加動(dòng)名詞表示一種習(xí)慣.I like drinking coffee, but today, I like to drink some tea.5. 復(fù)習(xí)Steal/rob, pay backSteal表示偷偷摸摸的偷, 其賓語一般為物品rob表示搶劫,其賓語一般是人或者某個(gè)處所pay back 還錢, 報(bào)復(fù)6. 介詞用法7. 復(fù)習(xí)suggest 用法, 當(dāng)建議用時(shí)后面加虛擬should +動(dòng)詞原形, should 可以省略. 8. 復(fù)習(xí)Summary of Unit 39. 復(fù)合句的構(gòu)成：u用現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合句：現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作的主語需與主句的主語一致。u用過去分詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合句，用語較正式的文體，代替被動(dòng)語態(tài)，Wounded in the war, his are can not move freely.Born in a happy family, he has never tasted the bitterness of life.u不定式構(gòu)成復(fù)合句，不定式表示目的：To buy a new car, the young man saved up for years.I went into the garden to pick some flowers.u通過從句構(gòu)成復(fù)合句：名詞性從句（主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同謂語從句）， 關(guān)系從句（定語從句）， 狀語從句（時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，條件，方式，目的，結(jié)果，比較，讓步）10. 復(fù)合句：lose/loose/missexpect/wait for1. 一般過去時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)：raise/rise, lay/lie, beat/win2. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)形容詞