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y 171. Introduction2. Literature Review Literature Review中必須說明文獻的出處,格式為“引文”(作者名,出版年代:頁碼),在bibliography中有本文的作者、題目、出版社或期刊名、年代或刊期等內(nèi)容?!疽髮W(xué)生對閱讀過的文獻予以綜述,閱讀文獻不少于15篇。】With many followers and a large reading public, Doris Lessing is widely considered one of the most honest, intelligent and engaged writers of the day. According to Margaret Drabble, Lessing seems to be a lonely and embattled figure on +the contemporary scene. (Drabble, 1972: 50) John Leonard, a book critic of The New York Times, described Mrs. Lessing as one of the halfdozen most interesting minds to have chosen to write fiction in English in this century. Lessing has bee, over the last few decades, a “standard” author. Her short stories are regularly selected in anthologies, and dozens of booklength studies of Lessing and her works have appeared in succession in recent years. Also, there are an everincreasing number of articles on her work in the scholarly journals: Contemporary Literature (Autumn, 1973) and Modern Fiction Studies (Spring, 1980) have published special issues devoted entirely to Lessing criticism. The Modern Language Association has published Approaches to Teaching the Golden Notebook (1989) in response to the fact that courses on Lessing’s works are beginning to appear in university calendars and many women’s studies and contemporary novel courses include selections from her writings.According to the theme of her novels, some critics consider her an African writer, a munist writer, a feminist writer, a mystic writer, a psychological writer, and a science fiction writer. Lessing herself resists all attempts to categorize what she has written. She maintains that her themes have remained unchanged since she wrote The Grass Is Singing at the very beginning of her career, preferring that her work be looked at as a whole. (Torrents, 1980: 12) It is true that her basic themes have always been present even though the connections between them have not necessarily been obvious from the start. American feminist critic Elaine Showalter ments that “Lessing’s early fiction (that is, the novels up to The FourGated City in 1969), has many similarities to Victorian feminine and feminist writing. Olive Schreiner, another South African novelist about whom Lessing has written an enthusiastic essay, obviously influenced