【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 詞、介詞短語、副詞、分詞、不定式），在句中狀語或定語300.1a great many+n.(pl.),當(dāng)此名詞前有限定詞如the ,these,those等，則用a great many of301.1系表結(jié)構(gòu) stay+adj. 一直保持某種狀態(tài)302.1only to do sth 這一結(jié)構(gòu)常作結(jié)果狀語，用以指隨即發(fā)生的意料之外的事，有“反而，卻”之意。303.1 advise(n. advice) “建議，忠告”304.1）advise+n./pron. 2)advise sb. (not) to do sth305.3)advise doing sth 4)advise sb.+clause(虛擬語氣)306.1the reason 與for連用表語從句只用that引導(dǎo)307.1used to:1.used not to +動詞原形=usedn’t to+動詞原形 308.did not use to+動詞原形=didn’t use to+動詞原形 1.used+主+to+動詞原形2.did+主+use to+動詞原形i.It seems to that…309.1seem It seems as if/though…i.There seems (to be)…310.1Seem,that和appear311.三詞后均可加形容詞、副詞、分詞等；312.appear,seem后可接to do ,而look后只加to be313.look后只可接as if引導(dǎo)的從句，不能接that 從句i.accept314. n./pron 接受……1.sb/sth+as+n./……視為，接受……2.thatclause 承認(rèn) 315.2worth與worthy1. of sth值得，配得上316.be worth+ be worthy + of being值得做a)doing 值得的 to be done值得做317.2 sb doing 使某人做某事，表動作一直進(jìn)行 i. sb do 使某人做某事，表動作完成或可能發(fā)生ii. sth to do 有某事要做，have意為“有，擁有”iii.d. have sth done 使某事被做，done表被動動作318.2表“許多大量”的幾個詞組：i.a great/good many b)a large/great/good number of +可數(shù)名詞 i.a good few/quite fewii.many aiii.a great/good deal ofiv.a large/great amount of +不可數(shù)名詞v.quite a little vi.a lot of/lots ofvii.a large/great quantity of +可數(shù)名詞或viii.large quantities of 不可數(shù)名詞ix.plenty ofx.2keep doing ，后跟狀態(tài)性動詞1.keep on doing ……，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的重復(fù)xi.2It is…for sb to do sth1.It is…thatclausexii.2happenxiii.主（人）+happens+to doxiv.It(形主) +（so）happen +thatclausexv.2allow(vt.)xvi.a. allow+ 名/形 b. allow+含有不定式的復(fù)合賓語xvii.c. allow+動名詞 d. allow+sb.+介詞短語/副詞xviii.2連系動詞的分類：1.變化類：bee,go,get,grow,fall,turn ect.2.感官類：fell,smell,taste,look,sound ect.3.顯現(xiàn)類：appear,seem,look ect.4.狀態(tài)類：keep,stay,e,stand ect.xix.2though相當(dāng)于however ,用于句末。xx.動詞+to構(gòu)成的短語：xxi.look forward to盼望… turn to求助于，轉(zhuǎn)向xxii.pay attention to注意 stick to堅持xxiii.get down to開始認(rèn)干 object to反對xxiv.belong to屬于 refer to涉及，談到 xxv.point to指向 see to處理，料理xxvi.e to共計，蘇醒 reply to答復(fù)xxvii.agree to同意 add to增加c)devote…to…貢獻(xiàn)…給… pare…to…把…比作…319.高一下學(xué)期語法重難點(diǎn)集匯320.主謂一致a)主謂一致是指一個句子的主語和謂語動詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致關(guān)系。一個句子中主謂一致，通常指三個基本原則：語法一致，即形式上一致；概念一致，即概念或意念上的一致；毗鄰一致，即謂語動詞的形式與鄰近的名詞一致。b)語法一致原則i.在通常情況下，一個句子的主語和謂語在語法形式上保持一致。即主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語也為單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語也為復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：1.This exercise on English idioms is not 。ii.在“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)中， “be”：1.There has been little change in this 。iii.“one of”結(jié)構(gòu)，位于用單數(shù)，“two of”結(jié)構(gòu)位于用復(fù)數(shù)iv.One of the things I want to do is 。v.Two of the boys have lost their way 。vi.倒裝句的主語在謂語之后，避免誤用。1.Never before has she been to Paris!她以前從未去過巴黎。c)概念一致i.主語是抽象概念、短語或從句，謂語用單數(shù)形式。如：ii.To tell lies is 。（不定式做主語）iii.Keeping the house is a tiring 。（動名詞做主語）iv.How this happened is not clear to anyone.(從句做主語)v.注意：321.用what或which引導(dǎo)的主語從句或簡單句中的數(shù)的概念取決于后面的表語，因為它們在邏輯上的意義是相同的。如：1.Which is your seat?你的座位是哪一個？a)Which are your seats?你們的座位是哪些？322.單個的分詞作主語，不定式作主語，以及主語從句，謂語都用單數(shù)，若用連接上述的相同兩個成分，謂語才用復(fù)數(shù)。i.兩個或兩個以上的主語用and和both連接時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。ii.and連接的并列主語指同一人或同一樣?xùn)|西，and后的名詞前沒有冠詞，謂語用單數(shù)；若有，則用復(fù)數(shù)。如：1.My best friend and adviser has changed his mind 。2.My friend and the student Sue are in the 。b)若and后面加not,謂語用單數(shù)。如：i.Lilei,and not I, has won the Lilei贏了比賽，而不是我。c)用and 連接的單數(shù)主語，前面有each,every,many a,no等詞修飾時，謂語用單數(shù)。d)復(fù)數(shù)主語前加each,謂語仍用復(fù)數(shù)。e)no后面名詞為單數(shù)，謂語用單數(shù)；后為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。f)毗鄰一致1.由not only…but also,neither…nor…,either…or…,or 連接的并列主語，在肯定句中謂語變化取決于后面的餓主語，在疑問句中取決于前面的主語。如；2.Either he or I am 。3.Either he or you are to go 。g)（詳見高一下冊P155~P156）323.虛擬語氣1.虛擬語氣表示說話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測或建議，而不是事實(shí)。虛擬語氣是通過句中的謂語動詞的特殊形式來表現(xiàn)的，因此，掌握虛擬語氣中的各種謂語動詞的形式變化，是掌握虛擬語氣的關(guān)鍵。b)虛擬語氣在簡單句中的用法1.虛擬語氣用于簡單句中，一般表示祝愿、命令等。謂語動詞要用原形。c)虛擬語氣在主從復(fù)合句中的用法1.在狀語從句中的用法ii.條件句中的用法 iii.虛擬語氣的條件句是用謂語動詞的特殊形式來表現(xiàn)與現(xiàn)在、過去事實(shí)相反的情況或?qū)戆l(fā)生的情況表示懷疑，和直陳語氣條件句中的謂語動詞形式以及表達(dá)的含義完全不同。虛擬語氣條件句中所用的謂語動詞的過去時、過去完成時、過去將來時等，只表示不同的虛擬語氣，和直陳語氣的過去時、過去完成時、過去將來時等毫無關(guān)系。iv.現(xiàn)將虛擬語氣的各種具體形式和用法分述如下；a)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況d)①形式324.條件從句的動詞形式325.主句的動詞形式326.If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+行為動詞的過去式（be的過去式一般用were）327.I (we) should328.You (he,she , +動詞原形或：329.they,it ) would330.所有人稱+might(could)+動詞原形331.②用法：a)If I had more time, I should study German.(fact:I have no more time, so I shall not study German. )(b)If she were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon.(fact:she is very busy, so she will not attend the meeting this afternoon.)c)If they didn’t take physical exercises every day, they wouldn’t be so healthy.(fact: they take physical exercises every day, so they are very healthy.)a)表示與過去誓死相反的情況d)①形式；332.條件從句的動詞形式333.主句的動詞形式334.If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+had+過去分詞335.I (we) should336.You (he,she , +have+過去分詞或：337.they,it ) would 338.所有人稱+could(might)+have+過去分詞339.②用法：a)I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s examination.(fact:I had no more time at yesterday’s exam, so I didn’t check my paper again)b)You would have already recovered from his illness if he had seen the doctor in good time.(fact: He didn’t see the doctor in good time ,so he hasn’t recovered from his illness ) a)表示與將來事實(shí)相反的情況340.①形式：341.條件從句的動詞形式342.主句的動詞形式343.If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+行為動詞的過去式（be的過去式一般用were）通常要與一個表將來的時間的狀語連用344.If (we,you,he,she,it,they)+should345.+動詞原形346.c. If I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+were to+動詞原形347.I (we) should348.You would +動詞原形或：349.he(she,it ) would 350.they would351.I (we,you,he,she,it,they)+could(might)+動詞原形352.②用法：a)If it rains tomorrow, our piic will be put off.(The weather has been changeab