【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ? 服務(wù)質(zhì)量 ? 技術(shù)和服務(wù)可變性 (flexibility) ? 使固定成本變得可變 ? 人力資源 ? 不占用太多的資金 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall 外包的缺點 ? 失去控制 ? 關(guān)鍵信息的安全性不能保證 ? 對供應(yīng)商的依賴性 ? 隱含成本 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall Figure 115 If a firm spends $10 million on offshore outsourcing contracts, that pany will actually spend percent in extra costs even under the bestcase scenario. In the worstcase scenario, where there is a dramatic drop in productivity along with exceptionally high transition and layoff costs, a firm can expect to pay up to 57 percent in extra costs on top of the $10 million outlay for an offshore contract. Total Cost of Offshore Outsourcing Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 11 Building Information Systems Alternative SystemsBuilding Approaches 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall Rapid Application Development for EBusiness ? Agility and scalability ? Rapid application development (RAD) ? Creating workable systems in a very short period of time ? Joint application design (JAD) ? End users and information systems specialists working together on design Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 11 Building Information Systems Alternative SystemsBuilding Approaches 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall ? Structured methodologies ? Data flow diagram（數(shù)據(jù)流程圖） ? Process specifications ? Structure chart ? Objectoriented development（面向?qū)ο蟮拈_發(fā)） ? Based on concepts of class and inheritance ? Componentbased development and Web services ? Computeraided software engineering (CASE) Modeling and Designing Systems Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 11 Building Information Systems 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall Figure 116 The system has three processes: Verify availability (), Enroll student (), and Confirm registration (). The name and content of each of the data flows appear adjacent to each arrow. There is one external entity in this system: the student. There are two data stores: the student master file and the course file. Data Flow Diagram for Mailin University Registration System Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 11 Building Information Systems Modeling and Designing Systems 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall Figure 117 This structure chart shows the highest or most abstract level of design for a payroll system, providing an overview of the entire system. HighLevel Structure Chart for a Payroll System Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 11 Building Information Systems Modeling and Designing Systems 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall Figure 118 This figure illustrates how classes inherit the mon features of their superclass. Class and Inheritance Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 11 Building Information Systems Modeling and Designing Systems 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall Project Management Objectives Project Management ? Project ? Planned series of related activities for achieving a specific business objective ? Project Management ? Application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to achieve targets within specified budget and time constraints ? Scope ? Time ? Cost ? Quality ? Risk Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 11 Building Information Systems 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall Selecting Projects: Making the Business Case for a New System ? Determining project costs and benefits ? Tangible benefits ? Intangible benefits ? Capital budgeting methods ? Information systems plan（企業(yè)信息系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃） ? Portfolio analysis ? Scoring model Essentials of Business Information Systems Chapter 11 Building Information Systems Project Management 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall 企業(yè)信息化規(guī)劃 通過分析企業(yè)的戰(zhàn)略目標和企業(yè)運營模式，決定信息系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展方向、信息系統(tǒng)與 IT方案、實施策略和計劃、預(yù)算等。 ?缺少信息戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃，將使企業(yè)面臨： （ 1）信息系統(tǒng)建設(shè)沒有方向和目標； （ 2）企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略和關(guān)鍵業(yè)務(wù)得不到支持； （ 3）信息孤島、重復(fù)建設(shè)； （ 4）技術(shù)風(fēng)險和投資風(fēng)險，有限的資源不能用在刀刃上； （ 5）利器也將成為包袱。 （ 6） ……? 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall 信息化規(guī)劃的主要內(nèi)容 現(xiàn)狀分析 : 企業(yè)內(nèi)外部的現(xiàn)狀分析，信息系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀分析 戰(zhàn)略與規(guī)劃形成 : 企業(yè)運營模式和愿景分析，信息系統(tǒng)目標和應(yīng)用架構(gòu)、技術(shù)架構(gòu)和服務(wù)架構(gòu) 戰(zhàn)略實施 : 信息系統(tǒng)實施項 目及其計劃、預(yù)算等 差距分析 Gap Analysis 169。 2022 by Prentice Hall Figure 119 Companies should examine their portfolio of projects in terms of potential benefits and l