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生要求。(3)加強綠化、凈化空氣、美化環(huán)境。(4)項目營運期,加強環(huán)境衛(wèi)生管理,做到院內(nèi)潔凈、美觀,符合國家衛(wèi)生環(huán)境標準。垃圾采用垃圾箱、垃圾桶集中收集,由環(huán)衛(wèi)人員每日收集集中后交市政環(huán)衛(wèi)部門處理。(1)根據(jù)不同功能合理布局,建筑之間留有足夠的防火間距和供消防人員進行操作的室外空間及消防通道;建筑出入口處,有足夠的人員集散場,并與道路聯(lián)系。(2)結(jié)合總平面布局,道路互相連通,形成環(huán)路,并考慮適當?shù)霓D(zhuǎn)彎半徑,使消防車來往通暢、便捷,順利到達各建筑物,滿足消防要求。(3)按照國家防火規(guī)范,劃分若干防火區(qū)域,在每一防火區(qū)域內(nèi)設(shè)置不少于兩個疏散口。(4)室內(nèi)裝修采用阻燃材料,對于鋼結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件和木構(gòu)件應(yīng)采取有效的防火處理措施,達到相應(yīng)的耐火極限。(5)合理設(shè)置消防給水系統(tǒng)、干式滅火系統(tǒng)和消防電氣系統(tǒng)。7 項目組織管理及實施進度安排為保證該項目的順利實施,合理、有效地使用項目投資,業(yè)主對項目的實施管理擬采取以下措施:(1)堅持項目法人責任制,工程招標投標制,工程建設(shè)監(jiān)理制。(2)成立項目領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組成員分工負責,具體承辦項目的各項工作。(3)嚴格執(zhí)行項目建設(shè)資金的管理辦法,專戶管理、??顚S?,并固定專人管理,嚴格執(zhí)行財務(wù)管理制度,確保管好用好各項建設(shè)資金。(4)保證資金按工程實施進度要求及時到位,把好工程的前期工作及施工過程質(zhì)量關(guān),爭創(chuàng)優(yōu)質(zhì)工程。項目建設(shè)期18個月(含前期準備階段2個月),具體安排如下:(1)2009年11月2009年12月2個月為前期準備階段,完成項目申報、征地、設(shè)計、招標等前期工作。(2)2010年1月至2011年3月15個月為施工階段,完成工程施工。(3)2011年4月為竣工驗收階段,完成項目驗收、審計、決算,交付使用。8 投資估算及資金籌措算依據(jù)(1)本地同類工程概(估)算、預(yù)算技術(shù)經(jīng)濟指示;(2)**州現(xiàn)行人工、建筑材料市場價格及建筑造價指標;(3)國家、省有關(guān)現(xiàn)行建設(shè)工程其它費用取費標準。資估算本項目土建工程中幼兒保健樓按單位面積造價1600元/平方米估算,生活供應(yīng)樓和教職工公寓樓按單位面積造價1500元/平方米估算;各種建筑物的室內(nèi)給排水、供配電、弱電等系統(tǒng)按單位面積指標法估算;各種設(shè)備按近期市場價估算;其他工程費用按單位面積指標法或工程量估算;基本預(yù)備費按工程費用及其他費用之和的5%計算。項目總投資3500萬元,。算表 (見下頁) 項目估算投資3500萬元,資金來源全部由建設(shè)單位**州某某房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)公司自籌。9 工程招投標本項目建設(shè)嚴格按照國家有關(guān)規(guī)定執(zhí)行,實行招投標制。對設(shè)計、建筑工程、裝飾工程、安裝工程、監(jiān)理、設(shè)備等實行全部招標,材料實行部分招標。對設(shè)計、建筑工程、裝飾工程、安裝工程、監(jiān)理、設(shè)備等實行委托招標,材料實行自行招標。對設(shè)計、建筑工程、裝飾工程、安裝工程、監(jiān)理、設(shè)備及材料均采用公開招標。為保證工程項目在公平、公正、公開、透明、有序的原則下進行,工程項目招標階段由有關(guān)部門組成專門機構(gòu)整體把握、控制、調(diào)整。在資格預(yù)審階段,由專門機構(gòu)組織“資格預(yù)審評審委員會”進行資格預(yù)審評審工作。參加人員有:有關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、有關(guān)專業(yè)技術(shù)、財務(wù)經(jīng)濟專家。評標工作應(yīng)按照嚴肅、認真、公平、公正、科學合理、客觀全面、競爭優(yōu)選、嚴格保密的原則進行,保證所有的投標人的合法權(quán)益。評標由評標委員會負責,評標委員會由招標人負責組建。10 效益分析 該項目為不以盈利為目的民辦幼兒園,依據(jù)《民辦教育促進法》,幼兒園收取的費用主要用于教學活動和改善辦學條件辦園,除滿足幼兒園正常運行和按規(guī)定提取發(fā)展基金外,投資者可獲得適當回報。其效益主要體現(xiàn)為社會效益,在一定程度上緩解了**州城幼兒入園難的矛盾,消除幼兒教育安全隱患,安置解決200余人的就業(yè)問題。投資人沒有把經(jīng)濟效益放在短期回報上,而是作為一項長期的事業(yè)來經(jīng)營,致力于保持穩(wěn)定和可持續(xù)的利狀態(tài)致力于以嬰幼兒教育為核心,不斷地開發(fā)符合嬰幼兒需求的新型服務(wù),保持在市場中的領(lǐng)先地位。該項目是高標準、上檔次、標準化管理的幼兒園,引進先進辦園理念,既是州城學前教育的急需,也是為州城學前教育發(fā)展引領(lǐng)方向。11 結(jié)論與建議該項目合符《托兒所、幼兒園建筑設(shè)計規(guī)范》的各項規(guī)定要求。該項目合符《**市教育科學 “十一五”發(fā)展規(guī)劃》的要求。該項目符合**市建設(shè)總體規(guī)劃要求,其建設(shè)地點適當,建設(shè)方案合理,充分考慮了項目與周邊環(huán)境的協(xié)調(diào),一定程度上解決了州城幼兒入園困難的問題。資金籌措方案符合國家和地方有關(guān)政策要求,籌資渠道可行。綜上所述,該項目具有建設(shè)的必要性和可行性,建議上級有關(guān)部門早日批復(fù)立項建設(shè)。 請刪除以下內(nèi)容,O(∩_∩)O謝謝?。。he origin of taxation in the United States can be traced to the time when the colonists were heavily taxed by Great Britain on everything from tea to legal and business documents that were required by the Stamp Tax. The colonists39。 disdain for this taxation without representation (socalled because the colonies had no voice in the establishment of the taxes) gave rise to revolts such as the Boston Tea Party. However, even after the Revolutionary War and the adoption of the . Constitution, the main source of revenue for the newly created states was money received from customs and excise taxes on items such as carriages, sugar, whiskey, and snuff. Ine tax first appeared in the United States in 1862, during the Civil War. At that time only about one percent of the population was required to pay the tax. A flatrate ine tax was imposed in 1867. The ine tax was repealed in its entirety in 1872. Ine tax was a rallying point for the Populist party in 1892, and had enough support two years later that Congress passed the Ine Tax Act of 1894. The tax at that time was two percent on individual ines in excess of $4,000, which meant that it reached only the wealthiest members of the population. The Supreme Court struck down the tax, holding that it violated the constitutional requirement that direct taxes be apportioned among the states by population (pollock v. farmers39。 loan amp。 trust, 158 . 601, 15 S. Ct. 912, 39 L. Ed. 1108 [1895]). After many years of debate and promise, the sixteenth amendment to the Constitution was ratified in 1913, providing Congress with the power to lay and collect taxes on ine without apportionment among the states. The objectives of the ine tax were the equitable distribution of the tax burden and the raising of revenue. Since 1913 the . ine tax system has bee very plex. In 1913 the ine tax laws were contained in eighteen pages of legislation。 the explanation of the tax reform act of 1986 was more than thirteen hundred pages long (Pub. L. 99514, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2085). Commerce Clearing House, a publisher of tax information, released a version of the Internal Revenue Code in the early 19