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”, variable short end “可變短路器 ”, the overseas end of Bell telephone Corp.“美國貝爾電話公司的海外業(yè)務(wù)部 ”。p 詞匯翻譯中的變通手段l 轉(zhuǎn)化法 : 各類詞匯如名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞等都可以在雙語語義對(duì)應(yīng)的要求下互相轉(zhuǎn)換詞性,從而改變原文的句子結(jié)構(gòu),使譯文的表達(dá)更趨向自然。例如: The theory greatly facilitated the interpretation and prediction of properties of anic pounds. 這一理論,在很大程度上有助于解釋和預(yù)測有機(jī)化合物的性質(zhì)。翻譯技巧和方法 詞匯的翻譯p 省譯法 為提高譯文的可讀性,翻譯時(shí)可以將原文中的冠詞,代詞,介詞,連詞,動(dòng)詞等進(jìn)行省譯。 例如: The expenditure of energy of one kind in any process involves the production of an equivalent amount of energy of other kinds. 任何過程中,一種形式的能量損耗都會(huì)產(chǎn)生其他形式的相等的能量。l 增補(bǔ)法 指的是補(bǔ)充語義上和修辭上需要的詞,使原文中的省略部分和隱含部分在譯文中清楚的表達(dá)出來。 The temperature needed for this processing is lower than that needed to melt the metal 這種加工方法所需要的溫度低于融化該金屬的溫度。翻譯技巧和方法 句子的翻譯o 長句的翻譯l 順譯法:有些科技英語長句在結(jié)構(gòu)的表達(dá)次序和方式上與漢語基本一致,這時(shí)可以按照原文直譯。l 分譯法:按照漢語的習(xí)慣,將長句中的從句或者短語化為若干短句,分開敘述。 例如: Each cylinder is encased in a water jacket, which forms part of a circuit through which water is pumped continually, and cooled by means of air drawn in from the outside atmosphere by large rotary fans worked by motors. 每一個(gè)氣缸都用一個(gè)水套圍著,水套構(gòu)成了回路的一部分。水泵驅(qū)使水在回路中不停的流動(dòng),并由外面鼓進(jìn)空氣使水冷卻。鼓風(fēng)用的大型旋轉(zhuǎn)風(fēng)扇由電機(jī)帶動(dòng)的。 l 變序法 指的是按照譯語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣重新組織和排列句子的語序。 例如: The construction of such a satellite is now believed to be quite realizable, its realization being supported with all the achievements of contemporary science, which have brought into being not only materials capable of withstanding severe stresses involved and high temperature developed, but new technological processes as well. 現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的一切成就不僅提供了能足夠承受高溫高壓的材料,而且也提供了新的工藝過程。依靠現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的這些成就,我們相信完全可以制造出這樣的人造衛(wèi)星。o 被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯l 譯成漢語被動(dòng)句 When a wire is pulled, its length increases with a corresponding reduction in its area. 金屬絲被拉長,其長度變長,但橫截面積相應(yīng)減少。 The laws of motion will be discussed in the next article. 運(yùn)動(dòng)定律將在下一章中予以(加以)討論。 Currently most solar cells are made from crystals of highpurity silicon 目前,絕大多數(shù)太陽能電池是用高純度的硅晶體制成的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯l 譯成漢語主動(dòng)句 When the rust is formed, a chemical change has taken place. 當(dāng)鐵生銹時(shí),就發(fā)生了化學(xué)變化。 Friction can be reduced and the life of the machine prolonged by lubrication. 潤滑能減少摩擦,延長機(jī)器壽命。 It is said that… 據(jù)說 …. It is believe