freepeople性欧美熟妇, 色戒完整版无删减158分钟hd, 无码精品国产vα在线观看DVD, 丰满少妇伦精品无码专区在线观看,艾栗栗与纹身男宾馆3p50分钟,国产AV片在线观看,黑人与美女高潮,18岁女RAPPERDISSSUBS,国产手机在机看影片

正文內(nèi)容

[高等教育]gis研究方法(編輯修改稿)

2025-02-15 18:27 本頁(yè)面
 

【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 理成邏輯嚴(yán)密、理論性強(qiáng)的文字 零碎的片斷 變化的比例尺 多層次結(jié)構(gòu)組織 情感傾向性 定性化 相對(duì)空間關(guān)系 不確定性、模糊性 有變形、曲解 非一致 心象地圖 vs 常規(guī)地圖 連續(xù)的平面 固定均一比例尺 同一水準(zhǔn) 物理(本體) 定量化 可量算(絕對(duì)、精確) 明確 準(zhǔn)確 一致性 心像地圖的特點(diǎn): ——空間表達(dá)的非均一性 ——內(nèi)容選取的非客觀性 ——空間定位的非確定性 ——度量特征的非精確性 初步的想法 歸納后的表述 歸納 …..Compared with other domains such as image processing, puter vision and puter graphics, GIS deals with spatial objects with vector representation at larger scale. The shape representation in GIS has the following properties: ● Abstraction. According to Gestalt cognition principles, we look at an object first obtaining the whole plete sense to recognize the region shape, and then looking into the down details to make up the shape. It means the shape representation should firstly be abstracted through the simplification to get a generalized concept. In image processing, we use noise reduction methods to remove minor or deflection details. In GIS filed, the vector data can apply map generalization technology to get the abstracted structure (Brassel and Weibel 1988). ….. ● Symbolization For region shape description, we usually establish the association between the recognized object and the template pattern in our memory, which is familiar to us according to our knowledge and experience. This template is used as a symbol to represent the region shape(Rainsford,2022). The shape template could be the text letter the Chinese text, the familiar animal, the goods in daily life and so on. We usually say the territory of China is like a great cock and Italy a boot as shown in figure 1. The symbolization makes the shape representation easy to understand and municate. ● Indetermination. The shape representation relies on the cognition of humans with different background knowledge, intending interests and emotions. So for the same region object, different persons may recognize getting different shapes. The indetermination of region shape recognition makes the shape query uncertain in template selection and the decision degree to which extent two objects are similar. The same building may be identified as L, U or V shape for different persons. …. 演繹 : 從一般到個(gè)別的推理形式 三段式:大前提、小前提和結(jié)論 演繹推理是一種必然性推理,只要大小前提正確且合乎邏輯,則推出的結(jié)論是正確的 在文章寫(xiě)作中,演繹的思維方法通常表現(xiàn)為經(jīng)典定理、原理方法的應(yīng)用,為某個(gè)分析尋求理論支持、建立某個(gè)方法的轉(zhuǎn)化應(yīng)用。 然而 GIS畢竟不是理論性很強(qiáng)的研究,該學(xué)科中的權(quán)威的理論方法、定理并不多, GIS研究中的經(jīng)典理論,可以作為演繹推理的大前提 地理學(xué)第一定律 : “ Every thing is related to every thing else, but nearby things are more related than distant things” (Tobler, 1979) —— 地理分析、空間數(shù)據(jù)挖掘、場(chǎng)模型建立的理論基礎(chǔ) 地圖綜合的開(kāi)方根規(guī)律 —— 空間數(shù)據(jù)選取、重采樣、尺度變換的理論依據(jù) 度量學(xué)的四種尺度劃分 ,定名、等級(jí)、差異、比率 —— 空間數(shù)據(jù)、語(yǔ)義特征定義、量化 的依據(jù)。 誤差傳播規(guī)律 —— 精度分析、質(zhì)量分析的基礎(chǔ) 設(shè)施分布的區(qū)位規(guī)律 —— GIS輔助設(shè)施選址的出發(fā)點(diǎn) 需要了解地學(xué)其他分支的基本知識(shí),提升 GIS應(yīng)用研究的理論出發(fā)點(diǎn)的高起點(diǎn)。 …… 既然這種可視化是按照一定數(shù)學(xué)法則轉(zhuǎn)換而來(lái)的,為什么沒(méi)有常規(guī)地圖那樣的距離、方位可度量特征呢?其實(shí)該表達(dá)也是具有度量特征的,只是精度不同。這里不妨對(duì) “ 度量 ” 概念的本質(zhì)作一些分析, “ 度量 ” 具有粒度、層次性特征,度量到哪一層次的精度由尺度的分辨率決定。Stevens發(fā)表在 《 Science》 上的關(guān)于度量描述的文章,定義了四種尺度下的度量概念: 定名量、有序量、間隔量、比率量 [20],按照該順序量化的程度逐漸加強(qiáng)。有序量可以表達(dá)等級(jí)上的度量差異,可以進(jìn)行大小比較運(yùn)算,但缺乏差異多
點(diǎn)擊復(fù)制文檔內(nèi)容
教學(xué)課件相關(guān)推薦
文庫(kù)吧 www.dybbs8.com
備案圖片鄂ICP備17016276號(hào)-1