【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 sites(E) a new system for cataloging duplicate artifacts10. The author implies that all of the following statements about duplicate artifacts are true EXCEPT(A) a market for such artifacts already exists(B) such artifacts seldom have scientific value(C) there is likely to be a continuing supply of such artifacts(D) museums are well supplied with examples of such artifacts(E) such artifacts frequently exceed in quality those already cataloged in museum collections11. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a disadvantage of storing artifacts in museum basements?(A) Museum officials rarely allow scholars access to such artifacts.(B) Space that could be better used for display is taken up for storage.(C) Artifacts discovered in one excavation often bee separated from each other.(D) Such artifacts are often damaged by variations in temperature and humidity.(E) Such artifacts often remain uncataloged and thus cannot be located once they are put in storage.The Official Guide for GMAT174。 Review 12th Edition8Line Traditionally, the first firm to mercialize a new technology has benefited from the unique opportunity to shape product definitions, forcing followers to adapt to a standard or invest in(5) an unproven alternative. Today, however, the largest payoffs may go to panies that lead in developing integrated approaches for successful mass production and distribution.Producers of the Beta format for videocassette(10) recorders (VCRs), for example, were first to develop the VCR mercially in 1975, but producers of the rival VHS (Video Home System) format proved to be more successful at forming strategic alliances with other producers and distributors to manufacture(15) and market their VCR format. Seeking to maintain exclusive control over VCR distribution, Beta producers were reluctant to form such alliances and eventually lost ground to VHS in the petition for the global VCR market.(20) Despite Beta’s substantial technological head start and the fact that VHS was neither technically better nor cheaper than Beta, developers of VHS quickly turned a slight early lead in sales into a dominant position. Strategic alignments with(25) producers of prerecorded tapes reinforced the VHS advantage. The perception among consumers that prerecorded tapes were more available in VHS format further expanded VHS’s share of the market. By the end of the 1980s, Beta was no longer in(30) production.Questions 12–17 refer to the passage above.12. The passage is primarily concerned with which of the following?(A) Evaluating two peting technologies(B) Tracing the impact of a new technology by narrating a sequence of events(C) Reinterpreting an event from contemporary business history(D) Illustrating a business strategy by means of a case history(E) Proposing an innovative approach to business planning13. According to the passage, today’s successful firms, unlike successful firms in the past, may earn the greatest profits by(A) investing in research to produce cheaper versions of existing technology(B) being the first to market a peting technology(C) adapting rapidly to a technological standard previously set by a peting firm(D) establishing technological leadership in order to shape product definitions in advance of peting firms(E) emphasizing the development of methods for the mass production and distribution of a new technology14. According to the passage, consumers began to develop a preference for VCRs in the VHS format because they believed which of the following?(A) VCRs in the VHS format were technically better than peting format VCRs.(B) VCRs in the VHS format were less expensive than peting format VCRs.(C) VHS was the first standard format for VCRs.(D) VHS prerecorded videotapes were more available than those in Beta format.(E) VCRs in the Beta format would soon cease to be produced. Reading Comprehension Sample Questions915. The author implies that one way that VHS producers won control over the VCR market was by(A) carefully restricting access to VCR technology(B) giving up a slight early lead in VCR sales in order to improve longterm prospects(C) retaining a strict monopoly on the production of prerecorded videotapes(D) sharing control of the marketing of VHS format VCRs(E) sacrificing technological superiority over Beta format VCRs in order to remain petitive in price16. The alignment of producers of VHS format VCRs with producers of prerecorded videotapes is most similar to which of the following?(A) The alignment of an automobile manufacturer with another automobile manufacturer to adopt a standard design for automobile engines(B) The alignment of an automobile manufacturer with an automotive glass pany whereby the manufacturer agrees to purchase automobile windshields only from that one glass pany(C) The alignment of an automobile manufacturer with a petroleum pany to ensure the widespread availability of the fuel required by a new type of engine developed by the manufacturer(D) The alignment of an automobile manufacturer with its dealers to adopt a plan to improve automobile design(E) The alignment of an automobile dealer with an automobile rental chain to adopt a strategy for an advertising campaign to promote a new type of automobile17. Which of the following best describes the relation ofthe first paragraph to the passage as a whole?(A) It makes a general observation to be exemplified.(B) It outlines a process to be analyzed.(C) It poses a question to be answered.(D) It advances an argument to be disputed.(E) It introduces conflicting arguments to be reconciled.The Official Guide for GMAT174。 Review 12th Edition10Line In terrestrial environments, gravity places special demands on the cardiovascular systems of animals. Gravitational pressure can cause blood to pool in the lower regions of the body, making it(5) difficult to circulate blood to crit