【文章內容簡介】 certainly true that Santiago’s eightyfourday run of bad luck is an affront to his pride as a masterful fisherman, and that his attempt to bear out his skills by sailing far into the gulf waters leads to disaster, Hemingway does not condemn his protagonist for being full of pride. On the contrary, Santiago stands as proof that pride motivates men to greatness. Because the old man acknowledges that he killed the mighty marlin largely out of pride, and because his capture of the marlin leads in turn to his heroic transcendence of defeat, pride bees the source of Santiago’s greatest strength. Without a ferocious sense of pride, that battle would never have been fought, or more likely, it would have been abandoned before the ’s pride also motivates his desire to transcend the destructive forces of nature. Throughout the novel, no matter how idious his circumstances bee, the old man exhibits an unflagging determination to catch the marlin and bring it to shore. When the first shark arrives, Santiago’s resolve is mentioned twice in the space of just a few paragraphs. First we are told that the old man “was full of resolution but he had little hope.” Then, sentences later, the narrator says: “He hit the shark without hope but with resolution.” [7]The old man meets every challenge with the same unwavering determination: he is willing to die in order to bring in the marlin, and he is willing to die in order to battle the feeding sharks. It is this conscious decision to act, to fight, to never give up that enables Santiago to avoid defeat. Although he returns to Havana without the trophy of his long battle, he returns with the knowledge that he has acquitted himself proudly and manfully. Hemingway seems to suggest that victory is not a prerequisite for pride. Instead, glory depends upon one having the pride to see a struggle through to its end, regardless of the oute. Even if the old man had returned with the marlin intact, his moment of glory, like the marlin’s meat, would have been shortlived. The glory and honor Santiago accrues es not from his battle itself but from his pride and determination to fight.During the process of fighting with the powerful rival,the toughguy image of the old fisherman ismoreobvious and toughguy image not only reflects Hemingway’sideal of personality but also symbolize the courage of human beings fighting with the is to say,it embodies a kind of spirit which is health and serves as a contrast to somebody who is perplexed and whose value of life is so narrow minded .When human beings e acrossenormous tribulation,They should think of thetoughguys who fight with the strong rival on the sea lonely ans this ,thecan see that some difficulties easier to conquer than that of imagedChapter Four Grace Under Pressure Grace under pressureIn one sence ,Hemingway wrote all his life about one theme,which is neatly summed up in the famous phrase,“grace under pressure”and created one hero who acts that theme fillowings deal with the problem of “grace under pressure”repesented by Santiago,the protagonist of the is endowed with this optimistic attitude towards lifecourage,confidence,dignity and never giving up through the “grace under pressure”.This chapter deals with the problem of＂ grace under pressure＂ and its revel ation to success of the Old Man and the Sea lies most in its perfect display the grace under pressure,hich is a very important quality of Santiago． The quality is posed of two portion :presure and is the premise,only under pressure can display one’graceful the beginning of the novel，Santiago had gone eightyfour days without catching a fish and had bee the laughingstock of his small village．This is an affront to a masterful fisherman，and it forms the layer of pressure；As the story begins，a young boy， Manolin，stayed with the old man，but after the fortieth luckless day，the boy’ father told his son to go in another boat， leaving the skiff of which the sail was patched with four sacks and furled like the flag of permanent defeat．When the boy left the old man and fished with another，they caught three good fishes in the first week．The boy ’good luck formed obvious contrast with the old man’s ill luck．If this happened to another boy， it was coincidental， but it happened to the boy who had got nothing with the old man for forty days and exactly when he left the old man for one week．This made other fishermen believed that the old man was really unlucky enough! This is the second layer of pressure；W hen the old man hooked the biggest marlin never seen in the Gulf Stream，he was alone，without the benefit of modem technology．He endured a long and grueling struggle with the marlin and felt lonely and helpless．This is the third layer of pressure． Grace under the first layer of pressure As the novel begins，Santiago definitely and finally failed，however，he kept selfposed and had confidence in his dignity．So even having got nothing in the first 84 days，he continued to go out to fish．Santiago’s mitment to sailing out further than any fisherman had before testified his confidence to the depth．It also showed his confidence to change his bad luck，because he clearly knew what he was born for． Yes，he was born for the conquering of the sea． Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated． W e all know that eyes are the windows of one’s sou1．It means the old man39。s heart or soul is inconvincible．In order to protect his dignity，he finally summarized the famous motto“Man is not made for defeat．A man can be destroyed but not defeated”．[8]This is obviously the declaration to the difficulties and adversities．How spirited and valiant the pledge!It encourages human to fight for dignity． Grace under the second layer of pressure The old man was in his adversity and the boy had got good fishes after he left the old man． Santiago didn’t feel jealous but happy for him．When talking with th