[醫(yī)學]華中科大同濟醫(yī)院泌外20xx畢業(yè)考試翻譯(編輯修改稿)
2025-02-12 06:03 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 history of urinary tract infection, a history of analgesic abuse, and a history of pelvic irradiation or cyclophosphamide usage.When hematuria is suspected, one must perform a urinalysis on a cleancatch, midstream, fresh urine specimen. Patients should avoid strenuous exercise or instrumentation for at least 48 hours prior to giving a sample. In addition, trauma, sexual activity, menstruation, and viral illness may result in positive results. Repeat urinalysis should be performed, and, if normal, additional evaluation is not necessary. In females, the labia should be separated and, in uncircumcised males, the foreskin retracted to avoid contamination. If there is evidence of contamination, a new specimen should be obtained and consideration given to a catheterized specimen. When dipstick is positive for blood, a microscopic evaluation for blood cells must be performed. Various studies have reported that between 13 and 21% of healthy individuals have some degree of hematuria. In 1926, Addis reported microscopic examination of overnight urine specimens from presumably healthy medical students and found red blood cells in 40 of 60 specimens. The 95 to 98% confidence limits for hematuria in a healthy population are reported as under 3 red blood cells per highpower field (RBC/HPF). The remended definition of microscopic hematuria is 3 RBC/HPF on microscopic evaluation of the urinary sediment from two
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