【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 work tomorrow.　 Please don39。t forget to hand it in.　（３） 動詞＋副詞＋介詞　常見的有l(wèi)ook down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如：　All his money added up to no more than $100.　After a short rest, he went on with his research work.?。ǎ矗?動詞＋名詞＋介詞　常見的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如：You should pay attention to your handwriting.　 We should make full use of our time.　（５） 動詞＋形容詞　常見的有l(wèi)eave open, set free, cut open等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，則賓語可放在形容詞的前邊，也可放在后邊；賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則必須放在形容詞前邊。如： 　The prisoners were set free.　He cut it open.?。ǎ叮?動詞＋名詞　常見的有take place, make friends等。這類短語動詞用作不及物動詞。如：　This story took place three years ago.　I make friends with a lot of people.　（7）辨析　give away(讓給，暴露) 和 give up（放棄，停止）　put away（放起，收起） 和 put out （撲滅）　turn up（出席，放大） 和 turn on （打開）　keep out（阻止） 和 keep off （不讓靠近）　make up（編造，補(bǔ)上） 和 make out（辨認(rèn)）　take off（脫，起飛） 和 take out（拿出）II． 例題　例１ It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.　A put away B kept up C given away D laid up　解析：該題正確答案為Ａ。意為存；keep up意為繼續(xù)；give away意為分發(fā)；lay up貯藏。例２ Here39。s my card. Let39。s keep in ____.　 A touch B relation C connection D friendship　解析：該題正確答案為A. keep in touch為短語動詞，意為保持聯(lián)系?！±?____! There39。s a train ing.　A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on　解析：該題選A. look out 意為小心。（七）動詞不定式I． 要點?。?、 不定式的形式。以動詞write為例。 式｜語態(tài) 主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài) 一般式 to write to be written 完成式 to have written to have been written 進(jìn)行式 to be writing 完成進(jìn)行式 to have been writing ?。病?不定式的句法功能?。ǎ保?作主語　To hear from you is nice.　To be a good teacher is not easy.　不定式作主語時，為了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主語，而不定式置于謂語動詞后。如：It39。s nice to hear from you.　 It39。s not easy to be a good teacher.　（２） 作賓語　通常用于want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help等詞后。如：I forgot to lock the door.　 Please remember to write to me.?。ǎ常?作表語　My job is to pick up letters.　He seemed to have heard nothing.　（４） 作定語　不定式作定語時，須放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后。如：　I have two letters to write.　I have a lot of work to do.?。ǎ担?作賓補(bǔ)　通常用于want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force等詞后。如：　He ordered her to leave at once.　He was forced to obey his order.?。ǎ叮?作狀語　He got up early to catch the first bus.　He worked hard to catch up with the other students.　（７） 作獨立成分　To tell you the truth, I told a lie.?。ǎ福?疑問詞＋不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。 如：　I don39。t know how to choose them.　I cannot decide where to go.?。?）不定式的否定式。如：　I decided not to go.?。?0）不定式的完成式。如：　He seemed to have cleaned the room before I came in.　The boy is said to have been sent to the hospital last week.?。?1）too…to 結(jié)構(gòu)。如：　He was too excited to go to sleep.　He was only too glad to go. (他太高興了，樂意去)?。?2）主動表被動。如：　The book is easy to read.　I have a book to read.II．例題　例１ I haven39。t got a chair ____.　A to sit B for to sit on C to sit on D for sitting　解析：該題選C。不定式to sit on在句中作定語，修飾名詞chair. 因為不定式和它所修飾的名詞間是動賓關(guān)系，所以不定式必須是及物動詞，故此處on不能省略?！±? He was made ____. A go B gone C going D to go　解析：該題選D。make sb. do sth. 如果是被動形式，不定式do前的to不能省略。　例3 A new factory is ____ very soon.　A to be built B built　C to build D to building 　解析：該題選A。is to be built意為將要被建。（八）動名詞I． 要點　動名詞既具有動詞的一些特征，又具有名詞的句法功能?！。薄?動名詞的形式，以write為例。 式 | 語態(tài) 主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài) 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written 　否定式 not +動名詞　２、 動名詞的用法?。ǎ保?作主語　Playing football is my favorite sport.　Travelling with friends at weekend is fun.　作主語的動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜且長時，可用it作形式主語。如：　It is fun travelling with friends at weekend.　（２） 作賓語　I enjoy playing PC game.　He gave up writing five years ago.?。ǎ常?作表語　What he hated most was doing nothing.　Seeing is believing.　動名詞作表語時，句子的主語常是無生命名詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句?！。ǎ矗?作定語　There39。s a dining room in my school.　All the people watching laughed.　（５） 動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)物主代詞（或名詞的所有格）+動名詞。如：　Tom39。s going home late made her mother angry.　Would you mind my opening the window?　不過，動名詞的邏輯主語在遇到以下情況時，必須用名詞的普通格（或人稱代詞的賓格）。?、贌o生命名詞　The girls were afraid of the door suddenly closing.　Fire burns better by oxygen being at work.?、谟猩~，但表泛指?！ave you ever heard of girls smoking??、蹆蓚€以上的有生命的名詞并列。　Do you still remember my parents and me ing to see you that day?　3．后面常接動名詞的動詞和短語　mind, enjoy, finish, consider, practise, magine, 　keep, suggest, advise, allow, permit, 　be worth doing, be used to doing, be busy doing,　can39。t help doing, it is no good doing, it is no use doing,　look forward to doing, stick to doing, pay attention to doing,　devote to doing, lead to doing II．例題　例１ She says she doesn39。t feel like ____ out with you.　A going B to go C for going D went　解析：該題正確答案為A。 feel like = want, 此處like 為介詞，后面要接名詞或動名詞作賓語　例２ The garden needs ____.　A water B watering C to water D watered　解析：該題正確答案為B。 need = want = require. 如果物作主語，此三者后要接動名詞或to be done這一結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。　例３ Excuse me ____ you.　A interrupting B to interrupt 　C interrupted D to have interrupted　解析：該題正確答案為A。excuse 后接動名詞作賓語，此句中的me為動名詞的邏輯主語（常用于口語中）。 （九）分詞 I． 要點　分詞既具有動詞的一些特征，又具有形容和副詞的句法功能。它分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩類。現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的主要差別在于現(xiàn)在分詞有一般式和完成式，過去分詞則只有一般式?，F(xiàn)在分詞表動作正在進(jìn)行，表主動。過去分詞及物動詞表動作已經(jīng)完成，表被動。過去分詞不及物動詞表動作已經(jīng)完成，表主動。過去分詞的句法功能：　１、 作定語　I like to read the novel written by Lu Xun.　The woman sitting beside the broken window was a friend of mine.?。病?作表語　When I came into the room, I found the window was broken.　I39。m interested in this book.?。?、 作賓語補(bǔ)足語　I39。m going to have my bike repaired.　When I walked home, I saw the thief caught by the police.　作狀語　Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks small.　The teacher came into the classroom, followed by his students.　現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能。　作狀語　Seeing from the top of the mountain, I found the city was beautiful.　Walking along the street, they suddenly saw him.　作賓語　I hate being spoken ill of.　He considered visiting Japan during the winter vocation.　作表語　See