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網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育統(tǒng)考大學(xué)英語b培訓(xùn)課(編輯修改稿)

2024-11-22 11:26 本頁面
 

【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 rs. 到了月底他在這里居住 /工作 /學(xué)習(xí)就滿十年了 。 2) 一種經(jīng)常進行的動作被表示為連續(xù)的動作: By the end of this month he will have been training horses/climbing mountains for twenty years. 到了這個月底他馴馬 /登山就滿 20年了 。 但是如果提到所馴馬匹或所攀登的山峰的數(shù)目 , 或用任何方式把動作分割為一次又一次的動作 , 就必須用將來完成時: By the end of the month he will have trained 600 horses/climbed 50 mountains. 到本月底 , 他馴服的馬就有 600匹 /攀登的山峰就有 50座了 。 將來完成時用來表示在將來某一時間以前已經(jīng)完成或一直持續(xù)的動作 。 , 并往往對將來某一時間產(chǎn)生影響 。 例: {1}Pick me up at 8 o39。clock,I will have had breakfast by 8點鐘你來接我 , 到時我已經(jīng)吃完早飯了 。 {2}We shall( will) have learned 12 units by the end of this , 我們將學(xué)完 12個單元 。 {3}By the time you get home, I will have cleaned the house from top to 。 2.表示推測 , 相當于 must have done結(jié)構(gòu) 。 例: {1}You will have heard of this, I guess. 我猜你已經(jīng)聽說過這件事了 。 {2}I am sure that he will have got the information. 我相信他一定會得到這個信息 。 時間 。 例: We will have been married a year on June 25th. 到 6月 25日我們倆結(jié)婚就滿 1年了 。 四 .過去進行時用法與結(jié)構(gòu) ? 概念:表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發(fā)生或進行的行為或動作 。 例: We were copying the new words this time yesterday. 時間狀語: at this time yesterday, at that time或以 when引導(dǎo)的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等 。 基本結(jié)構(gòu): was / were +doing 否定形式: was / were + not + doing. 一般疑問句:把 was或 were放于句首 。 過去進行時的用法 1) 過去進行時表示過去某一時刻 , 某一階段正進行的動作 , 由 “ was (were)+現(xiàn)在分詞 ” 構(gòu)成 。 例如: In 1980 he was studying in a university. He was reading a novel when I came in. 五 . 現(xiàn)在完成時的用法與結(jié)構(gòu) ? :過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果 ,或從過去已經(jīng)開始 ,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài) . : recently,lately,since… for… ,in the past few years,etc. : have/has + done : have/has + not +done. : have或 has. : I39。ve written an article. The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. 六 .過去完成進行時用法與結(jié)構(gòu) ? had+been +動詞 ing ? 過去完成進行時是由 had been +現(xiàn)在分詞 構(gòu)成 。 She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the 一直患重感冒 。 They had been expecting the news for some time? 他們期待這個消息有一段時間了吧 ? Rafael was scolded even though he hadn39。t been doing anything , 但他還是挨罵了 。 特別含義 :1) 尚未完成: He had been writing the novel. ( 他沒有完成它 ) 2) 企圖: He had been studying the meaning of this proverb. ( 他一直在努力學(xué)習(xí)它 ) 3) 未得結(jié)果: We had been studying what our enemy had said. ( 但我們不能理解 ) 4)最近情況: He had been quarrelling with his wife. ( 近來 ) 5) 反復(fù)動作: He had been asking me the same question. ( 多次 ,常常 ) 6) 情緒: What had he been doing? ( 不耐煩 ) 七 .過去完成時用法與結(jié)構(gòu) ? 過去完成時形式和用法 A 形式 過去完成時由 had+過去分詞構(gòu)成 , 因此無人稱變化: 肯定式: I had/ I’ d worked等 否定式: I had not/ hadn’ t worked等 疑問式: had I worked? 等 否定疑問式: had I not/ hadn’ t I worked? 等 B 用法 1 過去完成時是與現(xiàn)在完成時相當?shù)倪^去式 。 現(xiàn)在完成時: Ann has just left. If you hurry you’ ll catch her. 安剛剛走 。 如果你快一點 ,就能追上她 。 ( 參見第 183節(jié) 。 ) 過去完成時: When I arrived Ann had just left. 我到的時候 , 安剛剛離開 。 現(xiàn)在完成時: I’ ve lost my case. 我的手提箱丟了 。 ( 參見第 184節(jié) 。 ) 過去完成時: He had lost his case and had to borrow Tom’ s pyjamas. 他的手提箱丟了 , 不得不去向湯姆借睡衣睡褲 。 但是 , 過去完成時不像現(xiàn)在完成時那樣限于表達未指明時間的動作 , 因此可以說: He had left his case on the 4∶ 40 train. 他把手提箱丟在 4點 40分的火車上了 。 2 現(xiàn)在完成時可以和 since/ for/ always等詞連用 , 表示一個開始于過去并仍在繼續(xù)或剛剛結(jié)束的動作 。 ( 參見第 186節(jié) 。 ) 與此同理 , 過去完成時也可以用來表示在所說的過去某一時刻之前就已開始的動作 , 這一動作: ( a) 在該時刻仍然在繼續(xù);或 ( b) 在該時刻停止或剛剛停止 。 但應(yīng)注意 ,過去完成時還可以用來表示: ( c) 在所說時刻之前某一時候停止的動作 。 例句分別列舉如下: ( a) Bill was in uniform when I met him. He had been a soldier for tenyears/ since he was seventeen, and planned to stay in the army till hewas thirty. 我遇到比爾的時候 , 他身穿軍服 。 那時他已經(jīng)當了十年兵了/他 從 17歲就當兵 , 并且還計劃在軍隊里呆到 30歲 。 Ann had lived in a cottage for sixty years/ ever since she was born, andhad no wish to move to a tower block. 安在小屋里已經(jīng)住了 60年/安出生以來就一直住在小屋 , 也不想搬到塔樓去住 。( 這里也可以用過去完成進行時形式 had beeniiving。 ) ( b) The old oak tree, which had stood in the churchyard for300 years/ since before the church was built, suddenly crashed to the ground. 屹立在教堂墓地上已 300百年之久的老橡樹/在教堂建造之前就屹立著的老橡樹突然間嘩啦一聲巨響倒在地上 。 ( 這里也可以用過去完成進行時形式 had been standing。 ) Peter, who had waited for an hour/ since ten o’ clock, was very angrywith his sister when she eventually turned up. 彼得等了一小時/從 10點鐘起就等著 , 他妹妹終于來到時他非常生氣 。 ( 也可以用 had been waiting。 ) 時態(tài)區(qū)別
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