【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 Not knowing how to pronounce the word “plough”, the Frenchman looked up it in a dictionary. Considering the importance of the experiment, they checked the result again and again. Living in a remote village, we rarely have visitors ing. ③ 條件 This same thing, happening in the peacetime, would be a great disaster. Unless meeting with unexpected difficulties at the office today, I shall be home early tonight. ④ 讓步 Granting the achievements to be great, we have no reason to be conceited. Walking and sleeping, he has the plan in his mind. The chemical position of water is H2O, whether being solid, liquid or vapor. ⑤ 結(jié)果 Their car was caught in the traffic jam, thus causing their delay. We introduced a lot of advanced devices, thus saving much time and labor. ⑥ 目的 The people are working hard, striving to realize our country’s modernization. We held a meeting, marking the anniversary of his death. ⑦ 方式（也稱做伴隨） Theu stood by the roadside, watching the parade. She stood motionlessly vacantly, looking at the sea. They sat together, studying carefully the design of the new project. 5）省略不定式小品詞 to 的情形 在不定式中，小品詞 to 有時(shí)可以省略。主要在以下幾種情形中： ① 在由 make, let, see, feel, watch, have, hear, help, notice, observe, listen to, look at等動(dòng)詞引出的作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的情況時(shí)。 ② 在介詞 but, except, besides 后（動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)必須是 do，否則還需要小品詞 to）。如； What do you like to do besides swim and play football? Before breakfast we have no class but (except) to read English aloud. When the enemy surrounded the house, they had no choice but to burn all the important documents. ③ 在 had better, had best, had as good（寧可） , would rather … than, would sooner … than, might as well, rather than 后。如： He had as good study English instead of German. 他寧可學(xué)英語(yǔ)也不愿意學(xué) 德語(yǔ) 。 They would rather try and fail than give it up. 他們寧愿試了失敗也不愿意輕易放棄。 Let’s finish the work now rather than leave it off till tomorrow. 我們最好今晚把這活干完也別推到明天。 He resigned rather than take part in such a diahonest transaction. 他寧愿辭職也不愿干這樁骯臟的交易。 I would rather die standing than live kneeling. 我寧愿站著死不愿跪著生。 ④ 在下列固定詞組中。 We’ll have to make do with dry bread. 我們用干面包湊合吧。 He made believe he was innocent. 他假裝無辜。 Don’t let slip such a good opportunity to learn. 不要丟失這樣一個(gè) 好機(jī)會(huì)。 He let go (of) the rope. 我松了繩子。 I hear say that there’ll be an earthquake soon. 我聽說不久要有地震。 Don’t let there be any noise. 不要再制造噪音了。 二、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考查點(diǎn) 1) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的判斷 對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞區(qū)別的考查主要集中在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，如： 1. All flights ___ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train. A. had been canceled B. have been canceled C. were canceled D. having been canceled 【答案】 D。 【解析】獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語(yǔ)表示原因。 2) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后不定式與動(dòng)名詞的選擇 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后接不定式還是接動(dòng)名詞也是語(yǔ)法測(cè)試中的一個(gè)題點(diǎn)。如： 1. I don’t mind ____ the decision as long as it is not too late. A. you to delay making B. your delaying making C. your delaying to make D. you delay to make 【答案】 B。 【解析】這是一個(gè)帶有邏輯主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)。依據(jù)前面所講，邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是一個(gè)帶有形容詞性的物主代詞，其后的動(dòng)詞 delay 也應(yīng)該是一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞。 3) 做定語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的選擇 從近幾年的考查情況來看，對(duì)做定語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查有兩種情況：對(duì)一般概念的考查，而不是固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)。 4) 做狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的選擇 : 做狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要考查其各種形式的選擇，如： ______ from the outer space, our earth looks like a watercovered ball. A. Having seen B. Seeing C. Seen D. Having been seen 【答案】 C。 【解析】根據(jù)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)分析，選項(xiàng) A、 B、 D 都不能和主句中的主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯的主謂一致的關(guān)系。惟有選項(xiàng) C 是正確答案。 從 以上各題來看，考查的側(cè)重點(diǎn)有： (1)狀語(yǔ)類別的判斷：不同的狀語(yǔ)對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的要求不同，目的狀語(yǔ)要求用不定式，如 ② 。 (2)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與句子屬于之間的邏輯關(guān)系：根據(jù)主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系的不同來確定用現(xiàn)在分詞還是用過去分詞。 (3)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定形式： not 否定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)置于非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，如 ③ 。 (4) 獨(dú)立成分：有些非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的使用不受與句子主語(yǔ)關(guān)系的限制，稱為獨(dú)立成分，這類成 分只記憶即可。如 : generally speaking, judging from..., to tell the truth..., 等。 5) 做補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的選擇 做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞受謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的限制，不同動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)形式要求不同。近幾年對(duì)各類賓補(bǔ)都有考查。如： They are going to have the service man ________ an electric fan in the office tomorrow. A. install B. to install C. to be installed D. installed 【答案】 A。 【解析】 have 之后的賓語(yǔ)如果是補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的發(fā)出者時(shí)，則應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞原形。 6) 做表語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的選擇