【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ment of applications ? Investments in necessary hardware ? Training of employees ? Public relations ? Cheaper electronic processing, . by – avoidance of media breaks2) – avoidance of sorting and filingtime3) – automatized processing, . of orders4) ? Growth of these effects by further distribution of inter usage and acceptance of the new services by the citizens ? Cost of investments for additional service decreases through effects of scale and through learning effects Savings Costs Time 13 Navigator Text Linien Vision is confronted by reality – egovernment in the frontoffice has only been realised to a small degree in Germany Information ? Guide through administration ? Information on industrial areas ? Information on economic qualities of site ? Local enterprises Communication ? Between citizens and administrative departments via ? Between various citizens Interaction ? Download of forms ? Filling and sending of forms online ? Digital signature and payment ? Digital invitation to tender and decision Participation ? Elections online Number of services offered High Lowl Many Few Cities which offer the service Interaction Commu nication Information Partici pation Degrees of realization Degree of realization Source: Roland Berger 14 Navigator Text Linien Though there are numerous examples for egovernment in Germany, in most cases only isolated services are realised electronically Esignature – Bremen, N252。rnberg, Esslingen, (Chip card) – Memmelsdorf (digital encryption) Eforms – County Neumarkt (order of trash cans) – Karlsruhe (various forms) – Other cities and counties E–payments – Bremen Etownmarketing – Mannheim as best practice – In principle in all bigger towns EPPP – Berlin: financing of by private partners Internal emunication – Stuttgart (CUPARLA) – Administration works (NorthRhine Westphalia, Bavaria) Eprocurement – Cities of the Erftkreis county – BadenWuerttemberg state police Eprocesses – Town hall Cologne: ITsupported workflows Epublic – citizen work publikom in M252。nster Edocument management – M252。nchen (car registry) – M252。nster (passport registry) EGovernment Backup 15 Navigator Text Linien A number of factors prevent the further expansion of egovernment Source: Roland Berger。 PriceWaterhouseCoopers and WIBERA, Die Zukunft hei223。t EGovernment Political factors ? Sometimes problematic interaction between politics and administration Cultural factors ? Lack of service orientation ? Lack of a culture of motivation and innovation Social factors ? Danger of the digital divide Legal factors ? Prohibition of auctions in calls to tender ? Requirement of handwritten signature for many processes Technical factors ? Insufficient ITequipment of town administrations ? Data safety must be secured ? Digital signature requires chip card and reading devices Financial factors ? High initial investments ? German municipalities name lack of financial freedom as main obstacle to egovernment Lack of strategy ? 88% of German cities do not have an estrategy ? Cities do not know the expectations of their citizens regarding the cities39。 web site 16 Navigator Text Linien Some impediments can be overe by partnerships – appropriate partners useful for the conception, financing and implementation of egovernment Partner Other cities or counties (horizontal partnership) Producers of soft and hardware Partners for financing Content partners for mercial portals Universities ? Producer takes over development costs and receives future ? selling rights Functions of partnership ? Joint development of concept and IT ? Lower development costs ? Wider reach of joint inter presence ? Joint development of pilot applications ? The public partner saves the development costs ? Private partner finances inter presence, in exchange he receives the right of mercial use of the site ? Integration of all kinds of content by different partners: hotels, real estate market, events, sports, news, ... ? Joint d