【文章內容簡介】 前性 6．相對最優(yōu)化原則 改為 滿意原則 7．生產協作關系 改為 共同情感 8．集權程度 改為 分權程度 9．對 10．競爭 改為 戰(zhàn)斗 三、名詞解釋 1．企業(yè)目標 是在分析企業(yè)外部環(huán)境和內部條件的基礎上確定的企業(yè)各項經濟活動的發(fā)展方向和奮斗目標，是企業(yè)經營思想的具體化。 2. 集權與分權 集權是指決策權在組織系統中較高層次的一定程度的集中；分權是指決策權在組織系統中較低層次的一定程度的分散。 3. 前饋控制 是指通過觀察情況、收集整理信息、掌握規(guī)律、預測趨勢，正確預計未來可能出現的問題，提前采取措施，將可能發(fā)生的偏差消除在萌芽狀態(tài)中，為避免在未來不同發(fā)展階段可能出現的問題而事先采取的措施。 4．全面質量管理 就是指企業(yè)內部的全體員工都參與到企業(yè)產品質量和工作質量工作過程中，把企業(yè)的經營管理理念、專業(yè)操作和開發(fā)技術、各種統計與會計手段方法等結合起來，在企業(yè)中普遍建立從研究開發(fā)、新產品設計、外購原材料、生產加工，到產品銷售、售后服務等環(huán)節(jié)的貫穿企業(yè)生產經營活動全過程的質量管理體系。 5．正式溝通 是指按照組織明文規(guī)定的原則、方式進行的信息傳遞與交流，如組織內的文件傳達、定期召開的會議、上下級之間的定期匯報以及組織間的公函來往等。 四、簡答題 1．科學的決策應遵循哪些原則 ? (1)滿意原則 (2)層級原則 (3)集體和個人相結合的原則 (4)整體效用的原則 2．組織賦予領導者哪些法定的權力 ? 法定權是組織賦予領導者的崗位權力，它以服從為前提，具有明顯的強制性。它們包括： (1)決策權 從某種意義上說，領導過程就是制定決策和實施決策的過程，決策正確與否是領導者成功的關鍵因素之一。 (2)組織權 主要包括：設計合理的組織機構，規(guī)定必要的組織紀律，確定適宜的人員編制和配備恰當的人員等。這是領導意圖得以實現的組織保證。 (3)指揮權 指揮權 是領導者實施領導決策或規(guī)劃、計劃等的必要保障，如果沒有這種保障，領導者便無法完成其使命。 (4)人事權 人事權是指領導者對工作人員的挑選錄用、培養(yǎng)、調配、任免等權力。大量事實說明，如果人事問題不與主管領導發(fā)生直接聯系，必然要削弱領導者的權力基礎。 3．激勵的作用表現在哪里 ? (1)有利于激發(fā)和調動職工的積極性。 (2)有助于將職工的個人目標與組織目標統一起來。 (3)有助于增強組織的凝聚力，促進內部各組成部分的協調統一。 4．協調的原則是什么 ? (1)目標一致 原則。 (2)效率原則。 (3)責任明確原則。 (4)加強溝通原則。 5．如何理解企業(yè)組織結構的含義 ? 企業(yè)組織結構的含義可以從以下三個方面來理解： (1)組織結構的本質是職工的分工合作關系。 (2)組織結構的核心內容是權責利關系的劃分。 (3)組織結構設計的出發(fā)點與依據是企業(yè)目標。 請您務必刪除一下內容， O(∩ _∩ )O 萬分謝謝?。?！ 2021 年中央電大期末復習考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過小抄 Indonesia has emerged as a top vacation destination for Chinese this summer, along with Thailand39。s Phuket island and the Maldives archipelago. Encouraged by growth in Chinese travelers to Indonesia, the government in Jakarta has recently relaxed its visa policy. Since June 10, Chinese tourists can enter Indonesia through nine appointed locations, including the Soekarno Hatta Internatio nal Airport in Jakarta, the Ngurah Rai International Airport in Bali and the Kuala Namu International Airport in Medan, by just getting their passports stamped on arrival. Officially, it is called the free visa scheme. The new policy also means Chinese tourists can save $35 on visa fees, which will likely make trips to Indonesia more alluring. While such an arrangement allows Chinese visitors to stay up to 30 days for the purpose of traveling, those seeking extensions will need to get paid visas from that country39。s missions inBeijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou or Hong Kong, according to an official at the Indonesia embassy in Beijing. Santo Darmosumarto, head of the embassy39。s information, social and cultural section, says the new policy is aimed at strengthening peopletopeople contacts between the two countries. Dai Yu, marketing director of Ctrip, a major Chinese online travel agency, says: We39。ve seen a nearly 50 percent growth over the previous month in the number of Chinese tourists to Bali since the policy was announced. During his trip to China in March, Indonesian President Joko Widodo proposed that his country and China aim to increase twoway visits to a maximum of 10 million people in the next few years. The Indonesian government has set their sights on greeting 2 million Chinese tourists by the end of this year, according to the official. The Indonesian government hopes that Indonesian nationals would also be given preferential treatment while visiting China, says Darmosumarto. In 2021, the number of Chinese tourists who visited Indonesia stood around 807,000. Last year, it increased to 959,000, he adds. Bali remains the most popular site among Chinese tourists. In February, more than 92,200 Chinese tourists made trips to Bali, ranking first among overseas visitors, the Bali Times reported. Last year, the island witnessed more than 586,000 arrivals from China, an increase of 51 percent over 2021. Bali isn39。t just for sightseeing, but also for weddings, honeymoons, golf and many outdoor activities, says Fan Wenqing, a marketing executive at Garuda, Indonesia39。s national airliner. Garuda offers three nonstop flights between Beijing and Bali, and fo