【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 tal revenue increases. 如果需求是 缺乏彈性 的，價格上升導致需求量減少的比例小于價格上升的比例，所以 總收益是增加的。 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. Figure 3 How Total Revenue Changes When Price Changes: Inelastic Demand $3 Quantity 0 Price 80 Revenue = $240 Demand $1 Demand Quantity 0 Revenue = $100 100 Price An increase in price from $1 to $3... … leads to an increase in total revenue from$100 to $240 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. 圖 ： 缺乏彈性的需求 $3 數(shù)量 0 價格 80 收益 =240美元 需求 $1 需求 數(shù)量 0 收益 = 100美元 100 價格 價格從 1美元上升到 3美元 ... … 導致總收益從 100美元 增加 到 240美元 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. Elasticity and Total Revenue along a Linear Demand Curve 沿著線性需求曲線的彈性與總收益 With an elastic demand curve, an increase in the price leads to a decrease in quantity demanded that is proportionately larger. Thus, total revenue decreases. 如果需求 富有彈性， 價格上升導致的需求量減少的比例大于價格上升的比例，因此總收益是減少 的。 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. Figure 4 How Total Revenue Changes When Price Changes: Elastic Demand Demand Quantity 0 Price $4 50 Demand Quantity 0 Price Revenue = $100 $5 20 Revenue = $200 An increase in price from $4 to $5... … leads to a decrease in total revenue from$200 to $100 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. 圖 ： 富有彈性的需求 需求 數(shù)量 0 價格 $4 50 數(shù)量 數(shù)量 0 價格 收益 = 100美元 $5 20 收益 =200美元 價格從 4美元上升到 5美元 … … 導致總收益從 200美元 減少 到 100美元 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. the Elasticity of a Linear Demand Curve Price QuantityTotal Revenue(Price xQuantity)Percent Changein PricePercentChangein Quantity Elasticity Description$0 14 $0 200% 15% Inelastic1 12 12 67 18 Inelastic2 10 20 40 22 Inelastic3 8 24 29 29 1 Unit elastic4 6 24 22 40 elastic5 4 20 18 67 elastic6 2 12 15 200 13 elastic7 0 0 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. 線性需求曲線的彈性 價格 數(shù)量總收益（價格 X數(shù)量）價格變動百分比％數(shù)量變動百分比％ 彈性 彈性程度$0 14 $0 200% 15% 缺乏彈性1 12 12 67 18 缺乏彈性2 10 20 40 22 缺乏彈性3 8 24 29 29 1 單位彈性4 6 24 22 40 富有彈性5 4 20 18 67 富有彈性6 2 12 15 200 13 富有彈性7 0 0 ?Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. Ine Elasticity of Demand u Ine elasticity of demand measures how much the quantity demanded of a good responds to a change in consumers’ ine. u It is puted as the percentage change in the quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in ine. Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. 需求的收入彈性 u 需求的收入彈性 衡量消費者收入變動時需求量如何變動。 u 它是需求量變動的百分比除以收入變動的百分比。 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. Computing Ine Elasticity 計算收入彈性 Ine Elasticity of Demand 需求的收入彈性 Percentage Change in Quantity Demanded Percentage Change in Ine 收入變動百分比 = 需求量變動百分比 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. Ine Elasticity Types of Goods 收入彈性：不同類型的物品 u Normal Goods 正常物品 u Inferior Goods 劣等品 u Higher ine raises the quantity demanded for normal goodsbut lowers the quantity demanded for inferior goods. 正常物品： 收入提高增加需求量； 劣等品： 收入增加減少需求量。 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. Ine Elasticity Types of Goods u Goods consumers regard as necessities tend to be ine inelastic Examples include food, fuel, clothing, utilities, and medical services. u Goods consumers regard as luxuries tend to be ine elastic. Examples include sports cars, furs, and expensive foods. Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. 收入彈性：不同類型的物品 u 消費者消費的必需品往往 收入彈性小 例如：食物、燃油、衣服、醫(yī)療服務。 u 消費者消費的奢侈品往往 收入彈性大 例如：運動跑車、皮衣和昂貴物品。 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. 需求的交叉價格彈性 需求的交叉 價格彈性 物品 1需求量變動百分比 物品 2價格變動百分比 = 替代品： E0 互補品： E0 無關(guān)物品： E＝ 0 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright 169。 2021 by Harcourt, Inc. Price Elasticity of Supply u Price elasticity of supply is the percentage change in quantity supplied resulting from a percent change in price. u It is a measure of how much the quantity supplied of a good responds to a change in the p