【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】
process the data more efficiently.就容易使讀者產(chǎn)生誤解,其中的第二句應(yīng)修改為: In this paper, a new approach will be developed to process the data more efficiently. 或者 ,This paper will present (presents) a new approach that process the data more efficiently. 4. 材料和方法 寫作要點(diǎn) (1) 對(duì)材料的描述應(yīng)清楚、準(zhǔn)確。材料描述中應(yīng)該清楚地指出研究的對(duì)象(樣品或產(chǎn)品、動(dòng)物、植物、病人)的數(shù)量、來源和準(zhǔn)備方法。對(duì)于實(shí)驗(yàn)材料的名稱,應(yīng)采用國際同行所熟悉的通用名,盡量避免使用只有作者所在國家的人所熟悉專門名稱。 (2) 對(duì)方法的描述要詳略得當(dāng)、重點(diǎn)突出。 應(yīng)遵循的原則是給 出足夠的細(xì)節(jié)信息以便讓同行能夠重復(fù)實(shí)驗(yàn),避免混入有關(guān)結(jié)果或發(fā)現(xiàn)方面的內(nèi)容。如果方法新穎、且不曾發(fā)表過,應(yīng)提供所有必需的細(xì)節(jié);如果所采用的方法已經(jīng)公開報(bào)道過,引用相關(guān)的文獻(xiàn)即可(如果報(bào)道該方法期刊的影響力很有限,可稍加詳細(xì)地描述)。 (3) 力求語法正確、描述準(zhǔn)確。由于材料和方法部分通常需要描述很多的內(nèi)容,因此通常需要采用很簡(jiǎn)潔的語言,故使用精確的英語描述材料和方法是十分重要的。需要注意的方面通常有:( a)不要遺漏動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者如: To determine its respiratory quotient, the anism was...顯然, the anism 不能來 determine?又如: Having pleted the study, the bacteria were of no further interest.顯然, the bacteria不會(huì)來 pleted the study.( b)在簡(jiǎn)潔表達(dá)的同時(shí)要注意內(nèi)容方面的邏輯性如: Blood samples were taken from 48 informed and consenting patients...the subjects ranged in age from 6 months to 22 years,其中的語法沒有錯(cuò)誤,但 6 months的嬰兒能表達(dá) informed consent?( c)如果有多種可供選擇的方法能采用,在引用文獻(xiàn)時(shí)提及一下具體的方法如: cells were broken by as previously described[9]不夠清楚,應(yīng)改為: cells were broken by ultrasonic treatment as previously described[9]. 時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)的運(yùn)用 (1) 若描述的內(nèi)容為不受時(shí)間影響的事實(shí):一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如: A twinlens reflex camera is actually a bination of two separate camera boxes. (2) 若描述的內(nèi)容為特定、過去的行為或事件,則采用過去式。如: The work was carried out on the Imperial College gas atomizer, which has been described in detail elsewhere[4,5]. (3) 方法章節(jié)的焦點(diǎn)在于描述實(shí)驗(yàn)中所進(jìn)行的每個(gè)步驟以及所采用的材料,由于所涉及的行為與材料是討論的焦點(diǎn),而且讀者已知道進(jìn)行這些行為和采用這些材料的人就是作者自己,因而一般都習(xí)慣采用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如:優(yōu): The samples were immersed in an ultrasonic bath for 3minutes in acetone followed by 10minutes in distilled water. 劣: We immersed the samples in an ultrasonic bath for 3 minutes in acetone followed by 10 minutes in distilled