【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 retation started very late in our country. I was instrumental in forming the earliest training course for mainland simultaneous interpreters with the help of UN. Criteria for quality interpretation in the context of diplomacy Here, I shall focus on 2 points: （ 1） The need for political awareness and sensitivity. （ 2） The need to broaden the horizons of one?s knowledge. Within the time constraints, I will cite a few examples illustrating the importance of political awareness and political sensitivity, and the need to acquire encyclopedic knowledge while specializing in one or two subjects. 9 7 November 2020, 09150945 中國(guó)的同傳及其專業(yè)化 王若瑾 聯(lián)合國(guó)紐約總部 本文首先回顧中國(guó)的同傳歷史。 1971 年中國(guó)恢復(fù)了它在聯(lián)合國(guó)的席位，隨之中美建交，在中國(guó)訓(xùn)練培養(yǎng)同傳被提到了日程上。 79 年，受聯(lián)合國(guó)及外交部委托，北京外國(guó)語學(xué)院成立了聯(lián)合國(guó)譯員訓(xùn)練班。這是中國(guó)同傳事業(yè)的開始，但同傳真正為社會(huì)所承認(rèn)，逐漸向?qū)I(yè)化方向發(fā)展，那是九十年代以后的事。改革開放，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展， 全球化，日益增多的溝通與聯(lián)系再也離不開同傳。近幾年，人事部決定對(duì)同傳進(jìn)行認(rèn)證資格考試，以及明年二月聯(lián)合國(guó)在中國(guó)的同傳招聘考試標(biāo)志著同傳在中國(guó)已成為一項(xiàng)專業(yè)。 本文的第二部分對(duì)八十年代與現(xiàn)今的同傳訓(xùn)練辦法進(jìn)行了比較，肯定了一些行之有效的原則和技能，如同傳訓(xùn)練從交傳開始，由易到難，分散難點(diǎn)，循序漸進(jìn)，強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練等。同時(shí)，試圖對(duì)“翻意思 ，不翻詞” “任何語言組合都無特殊性” “完整與省略” 等問題進(jìn)行探討，以便使我們的訓(xùn)練指導(dǎo)思想更加明確與全面，取得更好的訓(xùn)練效果。 本文以展望中國(guó)的同傳前景結(jié)束。同傳迂到了千載難逢的大好機(jī)會(huì)，但也面臨隨之而來的一系列問題。使同傳在中國(guó)真正成為一項(xiàng)專業(yè)，還有許多緊迫的事要做。要加強(qiáng)對(duì)同傳理論與實(shí)踐的研究，并對(duì)研究成果進(jìn)行評(píng)論；要加強(qiáng)對(duì)同傳訓(xùn)練的指導(dǎo)，針對(duì)同傳的特殊性，建立起科學(xué)有效，有條不紊的訓(xùn)練機(jī)制；要制訂同傳譯員職業(yè)道德守則，保證同傳質(zhì)量，建立起專業(yè)形象，使其得以穩(wěn)定長(zhǎng)足的發(fā)展。 Simultaneous Interpretation in China: Its Early Development and Professionalisation This paper offers a brief account of the history of simultaneous interpretation in China from the origins of the Beijing UN Translators and Interpreters Training Program in the late 1970s to the present day. The restoration of China?s seat in the UN in 1971 and the subsequent establishment of USChina diplomatic relations prodded China into setting up its firstever training program exclusively for providing the UN with simultaneous interpreters. Yet it has been China?s economic reform and openingup that has led to the professionalization of SI in China. This paper continues with an analysis of the training methods of the 1980s, paring them with those of the present day. While recognizing that effective 10 principles and approaches include progressing from CI to SI, from the less difficult to the more difficult, and from the general to the particular, the author attempts to explore into questions such as meaningbased vs. wordbased, languageindependent vs. languagespecific, pleteness vs. omission， etc, in an attempt to make our guiding principles clearer and more balanced and to achieve better training results. The paper concludes by looking into the future of the SI profession. The image of the profession depends largely on whether or not highquality SI service will be provided in the years to e, which won?t be ensured until SI is truly professionalized. This will involve conducting academic research into the theory and practice of SI, which is reviewed by researchers and practitioners alike in the field。 securing systematic and advanced training methods for SI。 and formulating a code of ethics for simultaneous interpreters. 11 7 November 2020, 09451015 “ 口譯在中國(guó) ” 調(diào)查報(bào)告 王恩冕 對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué) 隨著改革和對(duì)外開放的不斷深化 ， 中國(guó)與全球其它國(guó)家和地區(qū)的各方面交流與合作越來越密切。各種區(qū)域性和全球性會(huì)議、展覽、商務(wù)談判等交流形式的有效而順利開展，需要有數(shù)量更多、質(zhì)量更高的口譯人員。同時(shí)，隨著社會(huì)需求不斷增加、口譯從業(yè)人員不斷增多，口譯開始出現(xiàn)職業(yè)化的傾向。如何培養(yǎng)高素質(zhì)的口譯人才，如何規(guī)范與監(jiān)督供求雙方的行為與權(quán)責(zé)，如何規(guī) 范口譯市場(chǎng)以保證其合理健康的運(yùn)作與發(fā)展，如何建立透明而有效的供求雙方信息溝通渠道，這些都成為急需解答的問題。為此，對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)中歐高級(jí)譯員培訓(xùn)中心開展了名為“口譯在中國(guó)”的問卷調(diào)查，希望通過此次調(diào)查，準(zhǔn)確而客觀地了解并描述中國(guó)口譯市場(chǎng)的現(xiàn)狀，從而為提高口譯人員素質(zhì)、推動(dòng)中國(guó)口譯市場(chǎng)的健康合理的發(fā)展提供依據(jù)。 問卷從四個(gè)主題出發(fā)，力圖對(duì)中國(guó)口譯市場(chǎng)的各個(gè)側(cè)面進(jìn)行客觀而詳細(xì)的分析；這四個(gè)主題分別是我國(guó)在國(guó)內(nèi)開展的國(guó)際交流形式與規(guī)模等基本狀況、口譯人員的水平評(píng)估與認(rèn)證、口譯服務(wù)的供求狀況以及建立全國(guó)性權(quán)威認(rèn) 證機(jī)構(gòu)與供求信息服務(wù)庫(kù)的必要性。 通過對(duì)調(diào)查問卷的分析，我們認(rèn)為中國(guó)口譯市場(chǎng)需求旺盛，口譯已經(jīng)開始成為一個(gè)專門的職業(yè)類別。同時(shí)，我們也看到了口譯人員水平參差不齊、供求雙方信息不暢通的情況。因此，我們認(rèn)為對(duì)該市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行合理的規(guī)范很有必要，建立合格的譯員培訓(xùn)、考試和資格認(rèn)證體系則是下一步急需解決的問題。 Interpretation as a Profession in China: a Survey and Its Findings Wang Enmian University of International Business and Economics (UIBE) China?s everincreasing contacts in various fields with the outside world have greatly stimulated its demand for qualified conference interpreters. The major problems China faces now to meet this demand are: How to train more professional interpreters? How to create a mature market in which the rights and interests of both the supplying and demanding sides could be and secured? How to build up effective 12 and transparent mechanisms to facilitate the exchange of information between the both sides? etc. In an effort to answer the questions, the SinoEU Interpreter Training Center, a joint programme between UIBE and SCIC of the European Committee, has made a survey, mainly in Beijing, entitled “Interpretation as a Profession in China”, hoping to have an insightful view of the market situation and contribute to its health growth. The survey, designed, conducted and analyzed by the teachers and graduate students at UIBE, has collected data under the following 4 general topics: 1. The general situation of China?s international contacts done at home, in terms of form, frequency, size and the number of interpreters needed。 2. The assessment of interpreters? performance and the accreditation of their qualifications。 3. The status quo of the supply of and demand for the service。 and 4. The establishment of a national examination and accreditation agency and a supplydemand database. The survey shows an increasing demand of qualified interpreters, conference interpreters in particular, which has helped create a new profession and new job opportunities in China, mostly in major cities. It also shows, among other things, a lack of qualified interpreting professionals, and a lack of sufficient information flow between the supplying and demanding sides. A conclusion drawn from our analysis calls for regulation of the market and a proper system of training, examination and evaluation based on standards recognized intern