【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 產(chǎn)過程的監(jiān)督檢查權(quán)、是不是享有單方設(shè)計變更權(quán)或終止定作權(quán)。 這些約定不一定全部具備，但是必須能顯示出定作人對生產(chǎn)過程的必要控制，如果沒有體現(xiàn)對生產(chǎn)過程的控制，那該合同與買賣就有什么本質(zhì)區(qū)別，應認定為買賣合同。 第二，標的物的特定性一般不應作為兩類合同的區(qū)分標準，只能作為最后的輔助參考標準。如果一份合同對生產(chǎn)過程的控制雖有體現(xiàn)但并不明顯（比如只約定了一般的監(jiān)督權(quán)），此時就可以結(jié)合標的物是不是特定來認定合同的性質(zhì)，比如是不是只有該標的物接受人才有 ... 該特定標的物的需求④。但是必須要強調(diào)的是，即便標的物是特定的，但如果合同沒有體現(xiàn)定作方的任何生產(chǎn)控制權(quán)（比如合同雖然約定 由定作人提供圖紙，但合同沒有約定或明確排斥了定作人的監(jiān)督權(quán)和隨意解除權(quán)，則可以視為雙方只有買賣特定物的合意，并無承攬的合意），也不能認定是承攬合同。 第三、在前述兩種情況仍不能確定合同性質(zhì)時，如何處理，有學者認為可參考雙方事實上對該合同的稱謂，即如果雙方簽定的合同文本上明確寫明了是“承攬”合同，則可徑行以此為據(jù)認定該合同的性質(zhì) [4]。但筆者認為，上述做法雖然貌似尊重當事人的選擇，但其實并不一定有利于法官對案件事實的把握和最終處理，因此筆者建議，在無法區(qū)分的情況下，應按照買賣合同執(zhí)行⑤，因為買賣合同更具 有一般性，而承攬合同相對來說屬于一種“特殊”合同，因為買賣合同的規(guī)定基本上都適用承攬合同，而承攬合同的不一定是用于買賣合同，既然該合同不具備承攬合同的特殊要件，應當按照買賣合同來來處理，這樣更為簡便易行。 注釋：①這種觀點認為，承攬合同的標的物是承攬人為滿足定作人對特種用途特種商品的需要而完成的特定物，沒買賣合同的標的物既有種類物又有特定物，具有可替代性。參見劉瑞川主編《人民法庭審判實務與辦案技巧》， 396 頁，人民法院出版社， 2021 年。 ... ②合同法雖然沒有明文規(guī)定定作人可以隨意單方變更定作要求，但學理上認為定作人變更定作要求，一般是沒有條件限制的，承攬人不得拒絕執(zhí)行定作人的相關(guān)指示。而改變定作方案本身也體現(xiàn)了定作人對定作生產(chǎn)的控制。參見：胡康生主編《中華人民共和國合同法釋義》， 384 頁，法律出版社， 1999 年。 ③即合同解除權(quán)。 ④標的物特定，也在一定程度上體現(xiàn)了定作人通過對生產(chǎn)結(jié)果的控制，達到了對生產(chǎn)過程的部分控制。 ⑤這種“當作”買賣合同處理的方式，包含著實體和訴訟程序的宜一并處理，這與學界現(xiàn)有的參照或部分參照買賣合同處理的方式并不相同。 參考文獻： [1]魏振瀛 .民法 [M].北京大學出版社，高等教育出版社， [2]王澤鑒 .民法概要 [M].中國政法大學出版社， ... [3]梅仲協(xié) .民法要義 [M].中國政法大學出版社， [4] 劉瑞川 .人民法庭審判實務與辦案技巧 [M].人民法院出版社， （本文發(fā)表于中國法學核心期刊 —— 《河北法學》） SDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FUGFUSDFSFDSFDSFDTRTRTETRRETRET57868767567UIYHUG6675FU ... 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