【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 olds personal desire from his inheritance results in “the familiar picture of victorian man alone in an alien universe”(roper9).,則應將引文與論文文字分開,如下例所示:whitman has proved himself an eminent democratic representative and precursor, and his “democratic vistas”is an admirable and characteristicdiatribe. and if one is sorry that in itwhitman is unable to conceive theextreme crises of society, one is certainthat no society would be tolerable whosescitizens could not find refreshment in itsbuoyant democratic idealism.(chase 165)這里的格式有兩點要加以注意。一是引文各行距英語論文的左邊第一個字母十個空格,即應從第十一格打起。二是引文不需加引號,末尾的句號應標在最后一個詞后。,對某些詞語加以解釋,則要使用方括號(不可用圓括弧)。如:points out that“he [charles darw in] has been an important factor in the debate between evolutionary theory and biblical creationism”,則需用省略號。如果省略號出現(xiàn)在引文中則用三個點,如出現(xiàn)在引文末,則用四個點,最后一點表示句號,置于第二個圓括弧后(一般說來,應避免在引文開頭使用省略號)。點與字母之間,或點與點之間都需空一格。如:mary shelley hated tyranny and“l(fā)ooked upon the poor as pathetic victims of the social system and upon the rich and highborn...with undisguised scorn and contempt...(nitchie 43).如:professor chen jias a history of english literature aimed to give chinese readers“a historical survey of english literature from its earliest beginnings down to the 20thcentury”(chen,1:i).圓括弧里的1為卷號,小寫羅馬數(shù)字i為頁碼,說明引文出自第1卷序言(引言、序言、導言等多使用小寫的羅馬數(shù)字標明頁碼)。此外,書名 a history of english literature 下劃了線。規(guī)范的格式是:書名,包括以成書形式出版的作品名(如《失樂園》)均需劃線,或用斜體字。其他作品,如詩歌、散文、短篇小說等的標題則以雙引號標出,如“to autumn”及前面出現(xiàn)的“democratic vistas”等。如:bacon condemned platoas“an obstacle to science”(farrington, philosophy 35).farrington points out that aristotles father niachus, a physician, probably trained his son in medicine(aristotle 15).這兩個例子分別引用了farrington的兩部著作,故在各自的圓括弧中分別注出所引用的書名,以免混淆。兩部作品名均為縮寫形式(如書名太長,在圓括弧中加以注明時均需使用縮寫形式),其全名分別為 founder of scientific philosophy 及 the philosophy of francis baconand aristotle。,其引用格式如下例所示。when beowulf spanes upwards through the water and reaches the surface,“the surging waves, great tracts of water, / were all cleansed...”().這里,被引用的詩句以斜線號隔開,斜線號與前后字母及標點符號間均需空一格。圓括弧中小寫的1是line的縮寫。21不必寫成1621。如果引用的詩句超過三行,仍需將引用的詩句與論文文字分開(參見第四項第2點內(nèi)容)。五、英語論文的文獻目錄美國高校一般稱此頁為 works cited, 其格式須注意下列幾點:,另頁打印,置于正文之后。標題works cited與打印紙頂端的距離約為,與第一條目中第一行的距離仍為。各條目之間及各行之間的距離亦為,不必留出更多空白。,回行時均需縮進五格,以將該條目與其他條目區(qū)分開來?，F(xiàn)將部分較為特殊的條目分列如下,并略加說明,供讀者參考。two or more books by the same authorbrooks, cleanth. fundamentals of good writing: ahandbook of modern rhetoric. newyork: harcourt, 1950.the hidden god: studies in hemingway, faulkner, yeats,eliot, and warren. new haven: yale up,1963.an author with an editorshake speare, william. the tragedy of macbeth. ed. louis b.wright. new york: washington square, 1959.blackmur, richard . the art of the novel:critical prefaces. by henry james. new york: scribners,.emery, donald. preface. english fundamentals. by emery.london: macmillan, .a multivolume workbrowne, thomas. the works of sir thomas browne. ed.geoffrey keynes. 4 vols. london: faber, 1928.browne, thomas. the works of sir thomas browne. ed.geoffrey keynes. . london: faber, 1928. 4 vols.a selection from an anthologyabram, m. h.“english romanticism: the spirit of the age.”romanticism reconsidered. ed. northrop frye. newyork: columbia up,.被引用的英語論文名須用引號標出,并注意將英語論文名后的句點置于引號內(nèi)。條目末尾必須注明該文在選集中的起止頁碼。articles in journals, magazines, and newspapersotto, mary l.“child abuse: group treatment for parents.”personnel and guidance journal 62(1984): 33648.報刊雜志名需劃線,但其后不需任何標點符號。62為卷號或期號,如既有卷號,又有期號,則要將二者以句號分開。如:()。1984為出版年份,應置于圓括弧中。arnold, marilgn.“willa cathers nostalgia: a study inambivalance.”research studies .月刊或雙月刊須同時注明出版年月。2324,28表示該文的前一部分刊于第23和24兩頁,后一部分則轉(zhuǎn)至第28頁。gorney, cynthia.“when the gorilla speaks.”washington post31 july,1985:b1.引用日報上的英語論文必