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nufacturability a role in the selection. A typical processing sequence to fabricate an individual part consists of : (1) a basic process,(2)secondary processes ,(3) operations to enhance physical properties,and (4)finishing sequence is shown in . A basic process determines the starting geometry of the casting ,plastic molding ,and roling of sheet metal are examples of basic starting geometry must often be refined by secondary 4 processes,operations that transform the starting geometry (or close to final geometry ).The secondary geometry processes that might be used are closely correlated to the basic process that provides the starting sand casting is the basic processes,machining operations are generally the second processes .When a rolling mill produces sheet metal,stamping operations such as punching and bending are the secondary plastic injection molding is the basic process ,secondary operations are often unnecessary,because most of the geometric features that would otherwise require machining can be created by the molding molding and other operation that require no subsequent secondary processing are called shape that require some but not much secondary processing (usually machining ) are referred to as near shape impression die fings are in this category .These parts can often be shaped in the fing operation(basic processes)so that minimal machining (secondary processing )is required . Once the geometry has been established ,the next step for some parts is to improve their mechanical and physical properties .Operations to enhance properties do not alter the geometry of the part。instead,they alter physical properties .Heat treating operations on metal parts are the most mon examples .Similar heating treatments are performed on glass to produce tempered most manufactured parts ,these propertyenhancing operations are not required in the processing sequence ,as indicated by the alternative arrow path in . Finally finish operations usually provide a coat on the work parts (or assembly )surface. Examples inclued electroplating ,thin film deposition techniques ,and purpose of the coating is to enhance appearance ,change color ,or protect the surface from corrosion,abrasion ,and so forth .Finishing operations are not required on many parts 。for example, plastic molding rarely require finishing .When finishing is required ,it is usually 5 the final step in the processing sequence .Table 212 presents some typical processing sequences for mon materials used in manufacturing . In most cases,parts a