【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 iding prompts（提示），which push people at key times to think through how and when they will follow through, make people more likely to act on tasks of importance. In one early randomized study on tetanus vaccination（破傷風(fēng)疫苗）rates, for example, a team of social psychologists showed that28%of Oxford University seniors got the shot after being encouraged to review their weekly schedules and to select a possible time to stop by the health center. They were also given a list of times when shots were available and a map showing the health center39。s location. Only3%of the seniors got the shot when simply informedabout how effective the shots were. People who make a plan gain an advantage from their psychological forces. Specifically, they can overe the tendency to put off as well as the tendency to be overly optimistic about the time it will take to acplish a task. Imagine Sarah who wants to renew a car insurance, but it will require two hours of travel to and from a garage. Making a plan may lead her to take two hours off and have her responsibilities covered by her colleagues while she is away. Moreover, she will be less likely to underestimatethe time needed to acplish the task—a particularly mon problem for plex tasks. People mistakenly believe that their strong intentions are enough to push them to perform desired behaviors. These psychological research results stress the need for policy decisions that encourage plan making and improve social welfare.32. What phenomenon is described in paragraph 1? A. Heavy burden of daily chores. B. Lack of task management skills. C. Disappointment of overambitions. D. Failure to achieve original intentions.33. What does the randomized tetanus vaccination study show? A. People need to think deeply before they act. B. Specific reminders help people acplish plans. C. Awareness of task significance matters in planning. D. Seniors need encouragement to have vaccination shots.34. What psychological benefit can people get from making a plan? A. They are realistic in the time required. B. They are optimistic about the oute. C. They are confident to overe hardship. D. They are careful with task arrangements.35. Who may be the intended readers of this text? A. Medical staff. B. Government officials. C. Ordinary people. D. Social psychologists.第二節(jié)（共5小題。每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 Over the last few years, there39。s been a trend to focus on gratitude. We can buy different kinds of gratitude journals, or download apps that remind us to write down our blessings.36 But it39。s also important to remember what gratitude is”, says Laurie Santos, who teaches a course on the science of wellbeing and happiness at Yale University. Noting down gratitude seems to pay off. Studies have found that giving thanks can help people sleep better, lower stress and improve interpersonal relationships. Keeping a gratitude journal can decrease materialism and enhance generosity among adolescents.37 “It39。s one of the practices that really wins out from the field of positive psychology.” she says. Her students, in addition to keeping gratitude journals, are asked to write a thankyou letter and then read it out loud to the recipient（收信人）. “They show measurable improvements in wellbeing even a month after they39。ve done this. she says.38 One study found that counting blessings once a week boosted happiness, but doing so three times a week didn39。t. There39。s also a lack of research on how gratitude exercises help people with clinical depression or anxiety. Indeed, for all the research on the broad benefits of expressing gratitude, it isn39。t for everyone. 39 It can39。t make injustice, loss or pain disappear.During really tough times, like when she suffers from poor health, Santos feels like she is reaching for reasons to be grateful. But she still tries to find some. I39。m grateful for the sun that39。s shining or being able to wake up, she says.40 A. And it isn39。t a cureall.B. So it doesn39。t feel pleasant.C. Those products remind us to take time to be grateful.D. What works for some people may not work for others.E. Gratitude allows her to remember what is going well.F. Practicing too much gratitude may have undesired effects.G. That39。s why gratitude features heavily in Santos’ happiness class.第三部分 語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題。每小題1. 5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。It39。s graduation season, and I think of Fran, a student years ago. She worked hard, but she 41 . So I tutored Fran during lunches, but then, she stopped 42 . I asked why she no longer came. She said, It39。s no use. I39。m not going to college 43. . Mum says I39。d go to trade school and work.Is that what you want? I asked. She looked up and the 44 in her eyes shook me.45 , I didn39。t know what to say. Platitudes（陳詞濫調(diào)）about the value of college seemed 46 at the moment. So I turned to 47 . Fran, you must pass my class. So, I am 48 you at lunch time tomorrow. No 49 .”She nodded and walked away.When Fran 50 turned up, I said, You can go to 51 if you want to. You39。re getting much better at writing. But she kept 52 . I wasn39。t getting through to her. After reflection, I changed my 53 . Instead of insisting she consider college, I helped her 54 what college would be like.At graduation, I watched proudly as she marched 55 the stage. After the ceremony, I 56 to congratulate several students. Fran rushed to me “Mr Jackson, I thank you for 57 me. I wanted badly to go to college, but