【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 垃圾的罰金并且鼓勵人們使用可以洗的口罩，并沒有提及對口罩生產(chǎn)商罰款以及降低可洗口罩的風(fēng)險。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Masks that helped save lives during the coronavirus pandemic are proving a deadly threat for wildlife.”（在新冠肺炎大流行時期幫助人們挽救生命的口罩對野生動物來說有致命的威脅。）可知，文章的主題是關(guān)于口罩對野生動物的威脅，表達(dá)的是人類活動對環(huán)境的影響。第二至第五段通過舉例子的方式介紹了口罩如何影響了野生動物的生存。最后一段是針對此問題提出的環(huán)保倡議。故選D項(xiàng)。DIn 1973, Mark Granovetter, a sociology professor at Stanford University, published a paper entitled The Strength of Weak Ties. It went on to bee one of the most influential sociology papers of all time. Until then scholars had assumed that an individual’s wellbeing depended mainly on the quality of relationships with close friends and family. Granovetter showed that quantity matters, too. He categories a person’s social world as “strong ties” and “weak ties”. His central insight was that for new messages and ideas, weak ties are more important to us than strong ones. As Granovetter pointed out, the people whom we often talk to swim in the same pool of information as we do. We depend on acquaintances whom we see infrequently to bring us news of opportunities.This was the idea behind the Pixar building, the design of which was made by Steve Jobs. The building has a large central hall through which all employees have to pass several times a day. Jobs wanted colleagues to run into each other, grab coffee and have a chat. He believed in the power of these seemingly random conversations to fire up creativity.Encounters with weak ties can be good for our mental wellbeing, too. Gillian Sandstrom, a senior lecturer in psychology at the University of Essex, investigated the extent to which people get happiness from weaktie relationships. She found that on days when a participant had a greater number of casual interactions with weak ties – say, a neighbour, a member of yoga class – they experienced more happiness and a greater sense of belonging.For all these reasons, we should continue to try and find ways to cultivate weaktie relationships. Sandstrom adds that we can also engage in more weaktiestyle interactions with our strong ties. The goal is to let others know you are thinking of them without asking for a great deal of time, energy or attention.12. Why does Granovetter think weak ties are more important?A. They are smaller in number.B. They form same circle of friends.C. They are sources of new information .D. They are related to close friends and family.13. Which of the following can be categorized as weak ties?A. Neighbors . B. Best friends.C. Parents. D. Husband or wife.14. What is the function of the central hall in Pixar building?A. It helps staff build friendship.B. It allows staff to have a break.C. It encourages staff to meet and chat.D. It helps Jobs municate with staff.15. What does Sandstrom want to convey in the last paragraph?A. We can develop weak ties into strong ties.B. We should spend more time with strong ties.C. We should balance weak ties with strong ties.D. We can apply casual interactions to strong ties.【答案】12. C 13. A 14. C 15. D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了1973年，斯坦福大學(xué)社會學(xué)教授Mark Granovetter發(fā)表了一篇名為《弱關(guān)系的強(qiáng)度》的論文。它后來成為有史以來最具影響力的社會學(xué)論文之一。在此之前，學(xué)者們一直認(rèn)為，個人的幸福主要取決于與親密朋友和家人的關(guān)系質(zhì)量。格蘭諾維特指出，數(shù)量也很重要?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第六句內(nèi)容“His central insight was that for new messages and ideas, weak ties are more important to us than strong ones.（他的核心觀點(diǎn)是，對于新的信息和思想，弱關(guān)系比強(qiáng)關(guān)系對我們更重要。）”以及第一段最后一句內(nèi)容“We depend on acquaintances whom we see infrequently to bring us news of opportunities.（我們依靠不常見面的熟人給我們帶來機(jī)遇的消息。）”可知，格蘭諾維特認(rèn)為對于新的信息和思想，弱關(guān)系比強(qiáng)關(guān)系對我們更重要，他舉例經(jīng)常交談的人同在一個信息池中，而不常見面的熟人才會給我們帶來機(jī)遇的消息。故選C項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句內(nèi)容“She found that on days when a participant had a greater number of casual interactions with weak ties – say, a neighbour, a member of yoga class – they experienced more happiness and a greater sense of belonging. (當(dāng)參與者與弱關(guān)系比如鄰居、瑜伽班的成員有更多的隨意互動時，他們會體驗(yàn)到更多的快樂和更強(qiáng)的歸屬感）”可知，鄰居屬于弱關(guān)系。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三句內(nèi)容“The building has a large central hall through which all employees have to pass several times a day. Jobs wanted colleagues to run into each other, grab coffee and have a chat.(大樓有一個很大的中央大廳，所有員工每天都要經(jīng)過幾次。喬布斯希望同事們能偶遇， 喝杯咖啡，聊聊天）”可知，中央大廳的功能就是供人們相見、喝咖啡和聊天。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段內(nèi)容“For all these reasons, we should continue to try and find ways to cultivate weaktie relationships. Sandstrom adds that we can also engage in more weaktiestyle interactions with our strong ties. The goal is to let others know you are thinking of them without asking for agreat deal of time, energy or attention.（基于這些原因，我們應(yīng)該繼續(xù)努力尋找培養(yǎng)弱關(guān)系的方法。Sandstrom補(bǔ)充道，我們也可以利用我們的強(qiáng)聯(lián)系參與更多弱聯(lián)系類型的互動。這樣做的目的是讓別人知道你在想他們，而不需要太多的時間、精力或注意力。）”可知，Sandstrom認(rèn)為應(yīng)該努力尋找培養(yǎng)弱關(guān)系的方法，利用強(qiáng)聯(lián)系參與更多弱聯(lián)系類型的互動。故選D項(xiàng)第二節(jié) (共 5 小題；每小題 分，滿分 分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。I39。m terrible at giving myself grace. I39。m a perfectionist, and I have unrealistic expectations for myself at times. I can remember simple errors I made. So often, we let perfection dominate our lives without even realizing it. ____16____ And I hope you39。ll consider doing that, too.Realize that being burnt out doesn39。t mean that you39。re not good at what you do. I want to do my best in everything. The trouble starts when we overwork ourselves. ____17____ That39。s OK.Taking a break. Most of all, I hope you prioritize your mental health. Take care of yourself. Be gentle with yourself.No one is asking you to be perfect. We39。re all messy humans with strengths and weaknesses. Embrace yours, even when it isn39。t perfect. When you make mistakes, take responsibility and learn from them. Remember that this isn39。t the first or the last mistake that you39。ve made. Give in to grace. Something might be a huge issue for me, other people probably won39。t notice or care.____18____Write it on your heart that whatever you do today is enough. It is easy to emphasize what we39。ve yet to do instead of what we39。ve already done. Yes, there is always room for growth and improvement. ____19____ Maybe you made your bed. Maybe you made it to wo