【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 and Japanese stream toads, which do not live in the same place as the insect.Sugiura and Sato hypothesized （假設(shè)）that over years of exposure, the mon toad species developed a greater tolerance to the bombardier beetle39。s poisonous chemicals than the stream toads had. The bombardier beetles were divided into two groups. Some were poked （戳）with special tools, which caused them to release all their poisonous chemical spray. Other beetles were left alone. Then they were fed to the toads.The toads that swallowed a fully loaded bombardier beetle were in for a surprise. “An explosion was heard inside each toad, which indicates that the bombardier beetle sent up a chemical spray after being swallowed, the authors wrote. The mon toads vomited their prey 35 percent of the time. The stream toads vomited their prey 57 percent of the time. That confirmed their hypothesis about the toads39。 evolutionary adaptation. All 16 of the vomited insects were alive and active 20 minutes later. Almost all the beetles that released their defensive chemicals before meeting the toads were “ successfully digested. The test told the researchers that the beetles39。 boiling chemical spray was indeed their ticket to freedom.58. When Bombardier beetles are in danger, they can .A. have relevant ways to escapeB. bring up the content of stomachC. cause damage to their enemiesD. make no response to outside attack59. What was the scientists39。 assumption before the experiment?A. Bombardier beetles were always lucky to escape.B. Japanese mon toads were natural predators.C. Common toads had the ability to resist the poison.D. Bombardier beetles could release poison constantly.60. What do we know about Sugiura and Sato39。s test?A. It showed the process of the insects39。 evolution.B. 11 demonstrated the harm of explosion in the toads.C. It stressed the importance of a balanced ecosystem.D. It provided convincing evidence for their assumption.CPeople have speculated （思索）for centuries about a future without work. Some imagine that the ing workfree world will be defined by inequality： A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in a wasteland. A different prediction holds that without jobs to give their lives meaning, future people will simply bee lazy and depressed.But it doesn39。t necessarily follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with dissatisfaction. Such visions are based on the downsides of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the absence of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could provide strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure.These days, spare time is relatively rare for most workers. “When I e home from a hard day39。s work, I often feel tired, says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland, adding, “In a world in which I don39。t have to work, I might feel rather different——perhaps different enough to throw himself into a hobby with the enthusiasm usually reserved for professional matters.Daniel Everett, an anthropologist （人類學(xué)家）at Bentley University studied a group of huntergathers in the Amazon called the Piraha for years. According to Everett, while some might consider hunting and gathering work, huntergatherers don39。t. “They think of it as fun, he says. “They don39。t have a concept of work the way we do. ”Everett described a typical clay for the Piraha： A man might get up, spend a few hours fishing, have a barbecue, and play until the evening. Does this relaxing life lead to the depression and purposelessness seen among so many of today39。s unemployed? “I39。ve never seen anything like depression there, except people who are physically ill, Everett says. While many may consider work necessary for human life, work as it exists today is a relatively new invention in the course of human culture. “We think it39。s bad to just sit around with nothing to do, says Everett. “For the Piraha, it39。s quite a desirable state. ”61. What might be some people39。s attitude towards the workfree world?A. Objective. B. Negative. C. Skeptical. D. Cautious.62. What does the underlined word “downsides in Paragraph 2 probably refer to?A. Risks. B. Losses.C. Challenges. D. Disadvantages.63. John Danaher might agree that .A. work plays an important role in our future lifeB. people don39。t know how to balance work and lifeC. people39。s workfree future life will be full of charmD. higher unemployment makes life tougher for workers64. Why is Daniel Everett39。s study mentioned?A. To justify John Danaher39。s opinion.B. To show a future life without work.C. To pare different views on work.D. To introduce the Piraha in the Amazon.DThe word “soul pops up everywhere. We may speak of a very polished performance, but without soul, or describe an athlete as the soul of his team. In each case, “soul means deep feelings and core values. As neuroscientist Antonio Damasio wrote 20 years ago in his book Descartes39。 Error. “Feelings form the basis for what humans have described for thousands of years as the soul or spirit. ”Today, studies increasingly show that many nonhumans feel. Elephants appear to feel grief, while dolphins and whales express joy, or something much like it. Experiments have shown that rats bee anxious when seeing surgery performed on other rats and that when presented with a trapped labmate and a piece of chocolate, they will free their trapped brother before eating.None of the these w