【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 re developing any symptoms. There may be no warning signs.”可知，90%的癥狀在被確診之前是看不出來的，而且沒有任何的預(yù)警，故推測(cè)當(dāng)人們發(fā)現(xiàn)腎病癥狀時(shí)，腎可能已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重受損。故選B。 （4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的age and genetic makeup, diabetes and high blood pressure, overweight and not getting enough exercise,衰老，基因組成，糖尿病，高血壓，超重和不運(yùn)動(dòng),可知，這六項(xiàng)都是導(dǎo)致腎病的原因。故選D。 （5）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“There may be no warning signs. This makes early detection(診察) difficult.” 和第六段中的“Both conditions are chiefly affected by being overweight and not getting enough exercise, which are the potential factors for the disease.”可推測(cè)，早期診察，做足夠的鍛煉可以預(yù)防腎損傷。故選D。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇醫(yī)學(xué)類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解 The age of adulthood is by definition arbitrary. If everyone matured at the same, fixed rate, it wouldn39。t be a human process. Indeed, maturation happens at varying speeds across different categories within the same individual, so I39。d say I was easily old enough to vote at 16, but nobody should have given me a credit card until I was 32, and I39。ve got the county court judgment to prove it. However, we broadly agree that there39。s a difference between a child and an adult, even if we might argue about the transition point. So the political theorist David Runciman39。s view that sixyearolds should be allowed to vote goes against any standard argument about the age of civic responsibility. Nobody would say that a sixyearold could be held criminally responsible, could be sent to war, could be capable of consent, could be given responsibility for anything. So allowing them the vote—along with, unavoidably, sevenyearolds who are even sillier, if anything—is quite an amusing proposal. Runciman39。s argument is that this is the only way to rebalance political life, which is currently twisted in favor of the old, who don39。t (he added) ever need to demonstrate mental capacity, even long after they39。ve lost it. The first part of his case is selfevident: pensions are protected while children39。s centers are closed, concepts such as sovereignty (最高權(quán)威) are prioritized over the far more urgent business of the future: climate change. Nostalgia (懷念) for a past the young wouldn39。t even recognize plays a central role, which is pletely unfair. Most of the arguments against giving sixyearolds a vote are that children would end up voting for something damaging and chaotic, if someone made unrealistic promises to them, which could never be realized. Well, it39。s not children39。s fault. Having said that, children do tend towards the progressive, having a natural sense of justice (which kicks in at the age of six months, psychologists have shown, by creating scenes of great unfairness to babies, and making them cry) and an underdeveloped sense of selfinterest. My kid, when he was six, made quite a forceful case against private property, on the basis that, since everybody needed a house, they shouldn39。t cost money, because nobody would want anyone else not to have one. Also, food should be free. It was a kind of preMarx munism, where you limit the coverage of the market to only those things that you wouldn39。t mind someone else not having. On that particular day, when we were registered as voters, my kid was quite far to the left of me, but in the normal run of things, we39。re united, which brings us to the point of the problem: children obey you on almost nothing, but they do seem to believe in your politics until they39。re adolescent. So giving kids the vote is really just a way of giving parents extra votes. And what can stop us having even more children, once there39。s so much enfranchisement (選舉權(quán)) in it for us? Now, if parents could be trusted to use their influence wisely, and hammer into children the politics it will take to assure a better future, then I wouldn39。t necessarily have a problem with that, apart from, obviously, that culture is already wildly twisted towards parents, and I can imagine a few nonparents boiling with fierce anger. But that39。s not worth talking about anyway, because parents can39。t be trusted, otherwise we39。d all already vote Green(綠黨). In short: no, sixyearolds should not get the vote。 but while we39。re here, if any votes e up in the near future, which will have an impact on the next five decades of British political life, alongside EU migrants, 16yearolds certainly should be enfranchised.（1）The author refers to his age of adulthood to prove that ________. A.certain rights are granted at different stages of lifeB.there39。s a mon standard for the age of adulthoodC.people mature at different rates in various aspectsD.a credit card is more difficult to get than the vote（2）People reject David Runciman39。s proposal because ________. A.they believe children are far from mature in many waysB.they are uncertain whether children can assume responsibilityC.they know the age to get the vote is not to be questionedD.they don39。t think a child can grow into adulthood earlier（3）What is the base for David Runciman39。s argument? A.Public ignorance of children39。s abilities.B.Inequalities of opportunity.C.A cultural preference for the old.D.The imbalance in political life.（4）The author talks about his kid to indicate that ________. A.children are in favor of a just society and tend to be idealisticB.children are innocent and don39。t want to be involved in politicsC.children are simpleminded and can fall for an adult39。s trickD.children are goodnatured and like to help people in need（5）The author thinks allowing children the vote may lead to ________. A.twisted cultureB.parents39。 objectionsC.misuse of rightsD.unusual maturation（6）What is the main point of the passage? A.There is a difference between adults and children.B.Allowing children the vote is not altogether absurd.C.The definition of adulthood is quite controversial.D.Parents should introduce politics to their children.【答案】 （1）C（2）A（3）D（4）A（5）C（6）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，講述了兒童成熟的速度是不同，所以作者認(rèn)為允許兒童投票的提議并不完全是荒謬的，如果將對(duì)未來50年的英國政治生活產(chǎn)生影響，16歲的孩子應(yīng)該被授予選舉權(quán)。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Indeed, maturation happens at varying speeds across different categories withi