【文章內容簡介】 查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．犇犇閱讀下面文章，然后從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出每個問題的最佳選項。 An international team of researchers from the University of Oxford have found that the way people use the Internet is closely tied to the seasonal movements in the natural world. Their online species searches follow the patterns of seasonal animal migrations (遷徙). Migratory birds (候鳥) flood back to where they reproduce every spring. That migratory behavior is acpanied by some human behavior. In Englishlanguage Wikipedia (維基百科), the online searches for migratory species tend to increase in spring when those birds arrive in the United States, said the lead author John Mittermeier. And not just birds. Mittermeier and his team surveyed nearly billion Wikipedia search records, for 32,000 species, across 245 languages. They also saw variable search rates for insects, horsetails and flowering plants. Seasonal trends seemed to be widespread in Wikipedia behavior for many species of plants and animals. This finding suggests new ways to monitor changes in the world39。s biological diversity. It also shows new ways to see how much people care about nature, and which species and areas might be the most effective targets for conservation. Mittermeier is encouraged by the search results. He mented, I think there39。s a concern among conservationists (生態(tài)環(huán)境保護者) that people are losing touch with the natural world and that they39。re not interacting with native species anymore. And so in that sense, it was really exciting and quite unexpected for me to see people39。s Wikipedia interest closely related to changes in nature. Richard Grenyer, Associate Professor from the University of Oxford, says search data is useful to conservation biologists, By using these big data approaches, we can direct our attention towards the difficult questions in modern conservation: which species and areas are changing, and where are the people who care the most and can do the most to help.（1）What have researchers found about species searches? strengthen ties among people. affect the animal movements. differ in language backgrounds. reflect animal migration seasons.（2）What is the purpose of writing Paragraph 3? summarize the research process. further support the research findings. show the variety of species searches. present researchers39。 heavy work load.（3）How does Mittermeier feel about the search results? with Wikipedia39。s service. about Wikipedia behavior. at people39。s care about nature. about people39。s not getting close to nature.（4）Why does Richard think such search data is useful? helps to aim at conservation targets. increases interest in big data approaches. keeps track of trends in biologists39。 work. pushes people to solve difficult problems.【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）C（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，牛津大學的一個國際研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的方式與自然界的季節(jié)性運動密切相關。他們的在線物種搜索遵循季節(jié)性動物遷徙的模式。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)提出了監(jiān)測世界生物多樣性變化的新方法。它還展示了一種新的方式來了解人們有多關心自然，以及哪些物種和地區(qū)可能是最有效的保護目標。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Their online species searches follow the patterns of seasonal animal migrations (遷徙).”可知關于物種搜索，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了他們遵循季節(jié)性動物遷徙的模式。故選D。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Seasonal trends seemed to be widespread in Wikipedia behavior for many species of plants and animals.”可知在維基百科上，許多動植物的行為似乎都有季節(jié)性趨勢。即第三段的寫作目的是為了進一步支持研究結果。故選B。 （3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“it was really exciting and quite unexpected for me to see people39。s Wikipedia interest closely related to changes in nature”可知Mittermeier看到人們對維基百科的興趣是與大自然的變化密切相關的，感到非常興奮和意外。故選C。 （4）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“By using these big data approaches, we can direct our attention towards the difficult questions in modern conservation: which species and areas are changing, and where are the people who care the most and can do the most to help.”可知Richard認為通過使用這些大數(shù)據(jù)方法，我們可以將我們的注意力轉向現(xiàn)代保護中的難題:哪些物種和地區(qū)正在發(fā)生變化，哪些人最關心這些問題，哪些人能夠提供最多的幫助。即他認為這些搜索數(shù)據(jù)可以有助于設定保護目標。故選A。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5．犇犇閱讀理解 If plastic had been invented when the Pilgrims sailed from Plymouth, England, to North Americaand their Mayflower had been stocked with bottled water and plastic wrapped snacks, their plastic waste would likely still be around four centuries later. Atlantic waves and sunlight would have worn all that plastic into tiny bits. And those bits might still be floating around the world39。s oceans today, waiting to be eaten by some fish or oyster, and finally perhaps by one of us. Because plastic wasn39。t invented until the late 19th century, and its production only really took off around 1950, we have a mere billion tons of the stuff to deal with. Of that, more than billion tons have bee waste. And of that waste, a surprising billion tons never made it to a recycling binthe figure that shocked the scientists who published the numbers in 2017. No one knows how much unrecycled plastic waste ends up in the ocean, the earth39。s last sink. In 2015, Jenna Jam beck a University of Georgia engineering professor, caught everyone39。s attention with a rough estimate between million and 14 million tons of plastic waste each year just e from coastal regions. Meanwhile, ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine(海洋的）animals every year. Nearly 700 species, including endangered ones, are known to have been affected by it. Some are harmed visibly, stuck by abandoned things made of plastic. Many more are probably harmed invisibly. Marine species of all sizes, from zooplankton to whales, now eat microplastics, the bits smaller than onefifth of an inch across. This isn39。t a problem where we don39。t know what the solution is, says Ted Siegler, a Vermont resource economist who has spent more than 25 years working with developing nations on garbage. We know how to pick up garbage. Anyone can do it. We know how to deal with it. We know how to recycle. It39。s a matter of building the necessary institutions and systems, he says, ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup of plastic. （1）Why does the author mention the Pilgrims in paragraph 1? A.To prove plastic w