【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 r thinking and activates (激活) conflict and defense mechanisms (機(jī)制). You assume that situations are worse than they actually are. When you experience a positive interaction, it activates a very different response. Positive exchanges increase your body39。s production of oxytocin, a feelgood that increases your ability to municate with, cooperate with and trust others. But the effects of a positive occurrence are less dramatic and lasting than they are for a negative one. We need at least three to five positive interactions to outweigh every one negative exchange. Bad moments simply outweigh good ones. Whether you39。re having a conversation, keep this simple short cut in mind: At least 80 percent of your conversations should be focused on what39。s going right. Workplaces, for example, often see this. During performance reviews, managers routinely spend 80 percent of their time on weaknesses and “areas for improvement”. They spend roughly 20 percent of the time on strengths and positive aspects. Any time you have discussions with a person or group, spend the vast majority of the time talking about what is working, and use the remaining time to address weaknesses. （1）The underlined phrase “tune out” in Paragraph 1 probably means A.stop listeningB.change one39。s mindC.sing aloudD.be crazy（2）What will happen if you experience negative emotions? A.The situations are sure to bee worse.B.Much of your thinking will be prevented.C.You will feel an urge to improve and bee better.D.You39。ll be motivated to resolve conflicts with people.（3）From Paragraph 4, we can learn that A.we need a positive feeling to beat one negative feelingB.positive interactions have greater effects than negative onesC.our conversation should center on what needs improvementD.the effect of negative feelings lasts longer than that of positive ones（4）What is the best title for the passage? A.Harmful NegativesB.More Positive InteractionsC.How to Be a Productive ManagerD.Less Time on Strengths and Positive Aspects【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是說明文。主要講述通過一些關(guān)于日常經(jīng)驗(yàn)的研究證明，當(dāng)你因?yàn)榕u或遭到拒絕而經(jīng)歷負(fù)面情緒時，你的身體會產(chǎn)生較高水平的應(yīng)激激素，它關(guān)閉了你的思維，激活沖突和防御的機(jī)制。而當(dāng)你體驗(yàn)到積極的互動時，積極的交流會增加你與他人溝通、合作和信任的能力。但是積極的影響不如消極的影響更持久，它需要三到五個積極的互動才能去掉一個負(fù)面互動。這給我們一個啟示，在談話時盡可能多的積極互動，才會調(diào)動人的積極性。（1）考查猜測詞義題。根據(jù)第一段中的內(nèi)容可知，一些關(guān)于日常經(jīng)驗(yàn)的最好研究是建立在積極和消極互動率的基礎(chǔ)上的，這證明了盲目的積極或消極會使其他人感到沮喪或煩惱，或者干脆把不理睬。分析選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容可知A項(xiàng)符合題意。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的中間部分“When you experience negative emotions as a result of criticism or rejection, for example, your body produces higher levels of the stress hormone, which shuts down much of your thinking and activates （激活）conflict and defense mechanisms （機(jī)制）.” 可知，你經(jīng)歷負(fù)面情緒時，你的身體會產(chǎn)生較高水平的應(yīng)激激素，它關(guān)閉了你的思維機(jī)制和激活你的防御機(jī)制。由此可判斷B項(xiàng)是正確的。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“But the effects of a positive occurrence are less dramatic and lasting than they are for a negative one.”可知，積極面事件的影響不如消極的影響更持久。由此判斷出D項(xiàng)正確。（4）考查主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，一些關(guān)于日常經(jīng)驗(yàn)的研究證明，當(dāng)你因?yàn)榕u或遭到拒絕而經(jīng)歷負(fù)面情緒時，你的身體會產(chǎn)生較高水平的應(yīng)激激素，它關(guān)閉了你的思維，激活沖突和防御的機(jī)制。而當(dāng)你體驗(yàn)到積極的互動時， 積極的交流會增加你與他人溝通、合作和信任的能力。但是積極的影響不如消極的影響更持久，它需要三到五個積極的互動才能去掉一個負(fù)面互動。這給我們一個啟示，在談話時盡可能多的積極互動，才會調(diào)動人的積極性。分析選項(xiàng)可知B項(xiàng)正確?！军c(diǎn)評】科普文客觀題的解題方法1.“找”。讀完材料，審?fù)觐}干(題干不可不審清)，可根據(jù)題干確定選項(xiàng)的大致范圍，開始找與選項(xiàng)相對應(yīng)的句子，然后再進(jìn)行合理的想象、推理及判斷。有時候選項(xiàng)的語句散見于文章的各處，也一定找準(zhǔn)原句。2.“比”。比較時重在關(guān)注意思、關(guān)注邏輯關(guān)系。有時需要統(tǒng)觀全篇，不能只盯住一處。3.“判斷”。推斷時，切不可只憑主觀臆斷，一定要找到確切的根據(jù)，找到合理的解釋。5．閱讀理解 A 12yearold with end stage cancer, the child39。s parents had recently moved her from the hospital to her home in the suburbs of Los Angeles. Some days later the girl39。s breath quickened, and her father phoned the family39。s hospice nurse. Please e, he said. The nurse knew the visit would require more than four hours of her time: a twohour drive in each direction, plus her time with the girl. Why don39。t we connect over FaceTime, she asked. The father agreed, and they connected. The nurse asked the father to move his daughter gently to her side, then to her back, to lift the child39。s shirt. The nurse would ask: What do you see, what concerns you, and the father would explain. In this fashion the pair examined the girl the nurse on her puter, the father his iPad. Together they decided that the nurse39。s presence was not necessary, that the child had more time. Later, the father reported feeling forted by the nurse. He appreciated her availability, the fact that she could see what he saw, and their ability to discuss it in real time. Telemedicine has bee a trend in America. Some hospitals have gone so far as to specially design telemedicine clinics. The room is staged like an office but with better lighting. There39。s a nice desk for the clinician to sit behind, a puter situated stage left, and books in the background. A physician taking a video call from home might wear a pair of headphones, equipped with a mic to ensure whatever the patient says isn39。t broadcast to anyone offcamera. However, there is something more than the technology bit. According to David, the head of the telemedicine pilot the girl39。s family had been part of, there are some people who are great in person and you put them on camera they39。re a dead fish. “Some physicians are camera shy. For others, the physical isolation can actually help them be more empathetic.” He adds. “My experience is that, once you get past some initial hurdles, you can maintain an intimate, immediate connection with patients that in some cases may be more useful than even inperson interactions,” David says.（1）Why did the nurse suggesting connecting via FaceTime? A.Because she was not allowed to leave her clinic.B.Because she had to take care of other patients in the clinic.C.Because it took too much time on her way to patient39。s home.D.Because the father didn39。t pay for her fare of transportation.（2）How did the father think of the telemedicine service?