【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 r modification(矯正), Fran decided to stop nagging(嘮叨) her husband and try positive reinforcement(加強(qiáng)). When he missed the basket, shesaid nothing and quietly picked up his socks. However, one day when his socks actually landed in the target, she quickly reinforced the appropriate behavior by saying, “I really like it when you put your socks right inside the basket.” She followed this statement with a hug. Within a week, Tom was hitting the target every time, or picking up the socks by hand and placing them inside the basket whenever he missed. Consequently, an argument was avoided.There is an old saying that “you can catch more flies with honey than vinegar”, which is the principle behind behavior modification. Complaining to someone of doing something, whether it’s a partner or a child, often gets just the opposite response resistance. But almost everyone respond to positive reinforcement and this approach to changing someone’s behavior takes a little patience and emotional control.Experts of behavior modification believe habits are learned because of reinforcement from the environment. This theory states that people will always do the behavior that results in the most favorable oute. Even if in the doing,there are some negative effects. For instance, Fran may have learned that it really didn’t matter whether her husband’s socks landed in the basket or not. It isbecause she’d e along and pick them up for him. That was the favorableoute but, if he only got negative messages from Fran for the same behavior, he didn’t have much motivation to abandon it.Of course for some people nothing will work, but it’s sure worth a try, because all of us resist criticism and respond to praise. Treating them with a hostile attitude probably won’t get you what you want, but it will get you a bad relationship with them. So, the next time you want someone to meet your wishes, try a little applause for the desired behavior.41. Why does the author present Tom and Fran’s story at the beginning of the passage?A. To show Tom is one of those needing behavior modification. B. To introduce the techniques of behavior modification.C. To let the readers know this family. D. To list ways to get rid of bad habits.42. Which of the following best fits the principle behind behavior modification?A. Leaving a child alone when he or she does something wrong. B. Telling a child not to make the same mistakes again.C. Taking no notice of one’s occasional good behavior. D. Praising one for his or her good deeds.43. Which statement about a habit may the author agree with?A. Criticism contributes a lot to the formation of a bad habit. B. Most of our habits are formed in childhood.C. A habit is usually reinforced by favorable oute.D. We can always get along with a person of good habits.44. What can we learn from Paragraph 4?A. Positive reinforcement should be applied to anyone. B. Positive reinforcement works on anyone.C. By using positive reinforcement we don’t fail to get what we want.D. By using positive reinforcement we can improve our relationship with anyone else.45. The purpose of the passage is to tell us ___________________.A. what behavior modification is B. the way to get along with othersC. how to bring out the best in others D. the training of behavior modificationCIf you have ever talked about your dreams with your friends, you may have noticed something interesting. Some of your friends rarely remember their dreams, while others can describe their dreams very clearly. Why do people remember dreams differently?The answer is simple: they are two different types of dreamers lowrecall dreamers and highrecall dreamers.According to researchers at the Lyon Neuroscience Research Center in France, highrecall dreamers reported they remembered their dreams almost every day while lowrecall dreamers said they only remembered their dreams once or twice a month, reported Live Science.Perrine Ruby, a lead scientist at the research center in Lyon, studied 41 people （21 highrecall dreamers and 20 lowrecall dreamers） and recorded their brain activity.She found that a part of the brain called the temporoparietal junction （前顳頂葉交 界處）was more active in highrecall dreamers. This was true both when they were sleeping and awake.This area of the brain is responsible for collecting and processing information from the outside wor