【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ed by his two ungrateful daughters. He is out in the winter cold，suffering things that are usually reserved for the poorest and most unfortunate human beings. The winter is bad enough for Lear，but being abandoned by his family is worse. A song from another Shakespeare play, As You Like It(1599), is fitting for this poor old man39。s situation: Blow, blow, thou winter wind/Thou art not so unkind /As ma39。s ingratitude (忘恩負義). Here, winter is used to bring out the ugliness of inhumanity (無人性). There aren39。t many things that are worse than winter, according to Shakespeare. Once winter became less of a threat to human beings, literary works featuring it became more positive. Since Charles Dickens, the representation of the season in literature has often featured happy Christmas celebrations. The cold of the winter weather provides a contrast to the fun going on indoors. Dickens39。 A Christmas Carol (1843) was the start of this, but Christmas is still a mon, cheery element (元素)in stories that feature winter scenes today. Consider the joy felt by Harry Potter and his friends in J. K. Rowling39。s Harry Potter and the Philosopher39。s Stone (1997) as they sit down for their festive meal： Harry had never in all his life had such a Christmas dinner. A hundred fat，roast turkeys。 mountains of roast and boiled potatoes。 platters of chipolatas。 tureens of buttered peas, silver boats of thick, rich gravy and cranberry sauce. It is almost as much a pleasure to read about the meal as it might have been to eat it. Although winter still isn39。t the most cheerful season in novels and poems, it39。s safe to say that writers have certainly warmed up since Shakespeare39。s days.（1）What39。s the author39。s main purpose in writing this article? remend some winter stories in literature. explain what winter is like in literary works. describe certain customs that are related to winter. tell us why winter is described as unpleasant in literature.（2）What can we learn from Shakespeare39。s works? didn39。t like winter for its bad weather. Lear was forced to give up being a king in a cold winter.39。s in winter when King Lear drove his two daughters off. is pared with the ugly side of humanity.（3）Why does the author mention Charles Dickens in the passage? a lot of his works are related to winter. he is the most popular author of winter stories. he started a new way of representing winter. his works make people feel cheerful in winter.（4）The example of Harry Potter and the Philosopher39。s Stone is used mainly to show . Christmas food makes the winter cheery is still a symbol of joy in modern stories39。s a pleasure to read Christmasrelated books in winter has bee the happiest season in literary works【答案】 （1）B（2）D（3）C（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了冬季的令人不快甚至是令人恐懼的方面經(jīng)常在文學作品中看到，但隨著時間的推移，文學作品中冬天的含義也在發(fā)生變化。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“This unpleasant and even frightening aspect of winter can often be seen in literature”可知，人們經(jīng)?？梢栽谖膶W中看到冬季的令人不快甚至是令人恐懼的方面。隨后，作者描述了冬天在不同作家的作品中的不同方面。可推知，作者寫本文是為了解釋文學作品中的冬天是什么樣子的。故選B。 （2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Here, winter is used to bring out the ugliness of inhumanity (無人性). There aren39。t many things that are worse than winter, according to Shakespeare.”可知，在莎士比亞的戲劇《皆大歡喜》中，冬天被用來展現(xiàn)人性的丑陋。莎士比亞認為，沒有什么比冬天更糟糕的了。故選D。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段可知，自狄更斯以來，在文學中這個季節(jié)的表現(xiàn)常常是圣誕快樂的慶?；顒?。由此可知，作者在文中提到查爾斯狄更斯是因為他開啟了一種描寫冬天的新方式。故選C。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段可知，寒冷的冬季天氣與室內(nèi)的樂趣形成了對比。再根據(jù)第六段第二句話可知，在J. K. Rowling的《哈利?波特與魔法石》中，哈利?波特和他的朋友們在享用圣誕大餐時是快樂的。作者通過這個例子說明在現(xiàn)代故事中圣誕節(jié)仍然是快樂的象征。故選B。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解 An earthquake is one of the most mon natural disasters. It may cause great damage. So it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members. Fragile items like those made of glass are easily broken and should usually be placed on a lower surface, near the ground instead of placing them in the cupboards higher up. Never place them near your bed, sofas and other furniture where you would be sitting or lying down. When there is a strong movement, these pieces will fall on the floor directly and not on you. There is a strong chance of short circuits (短路) and fire during an earthquake. Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens. During an earthquake, lie beneath an object that is not easily damaged. Do not go near objects that could directly fall on you. Never use the elevator to go down. Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Research has shown that most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out. Use the staircases at all times. If you are outdoors, do not take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric poles or tall buildings. If you are driving, stop your car and stay in a safe place. Do not park your car under a tree or any tall object. If trapped in debris (瓦礫堆), cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing. Tap on a pipe or the wall so that rescuers (營救人員) can find you. Use a whistle (哨子) if one is available. Never shout for help. Shouting can cause you to breathe in dangerous amounts of dust. Do not light a match because you may burn yourself. Do not move about or kick up dust.（1）The purpose of the passage is to tell readers . to do in earthquakes to prevent earthquakes damage caused by earthquakes rescue work after earthquakes（2）The underlined word Fragile in Paragraph 2 probably means . found broken（3）During the earthquake, people are advised to . shelter under a tree to a safe place quickly out of the building at once off electricity and gas immediately【答案】 （1）A（2）C（3）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，作者對于如何在地震中保護自己和家人這一問題，給出了一些簡單的安全技巧。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段