【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ouch with peopleB.understand your friendsC.praise your friendsD.quarrel with your friends（3）The passage mainly tells us ______________. A.how to municate with a friendB.when to make a friendC.how to develop friendshipD.how to praise a friend【答案】 （1）C（2）D（3）C 【解析】【分析】短文大意：我們都渴望友誼，本文就如何交朋友和發(fā)展友誼給出了一些建議。 （1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中The best time to make a friend is before you need ，故選C。 （2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Many unpleasant personal quarrels can be avoided if you will take the time to understand others’ feelings and points of view可知我們壓迫避免和朋友爭吵，故選D。 （3）主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段和下面的小標(biāo)題可知，文章是在告訴我們怎樣交朋友和發(fā)展友誼，故選C。 【點評】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細(xì)節(jié)題和主旨大意題，細(xì)節(jié)理解題要注意從文中尋找答案；主旨大意題需要通讀全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。5．閱讀短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。 What makes a person a giver or taker? The idea give vs. take takes shape in all interactions (互動) and relationships of our lives. We39。re either giving advice, making time for people, or we39。re on the receiving end. We keep changing between the two based on different situations on a daily basis, if not an hourly one. According to Adam Grant, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, most people are matchers. They make careful observations on takers and make it a point for them to pay something back. They hate to see people who act so generously towards others not receive any rewards. Actually, most matchers will try hard to promote and support givers so that they can get the good they deserve. Is there a gender factor (性別因素) that plays a part in this? A study led by Hannah Riley Bowles, a professor at Harvard University, focused on this question. She asked 200 senior managers to sit down in pairs where one person would act as the boss and the other as an employee to discuss salary promotions. Male employees asked for an average salary of $146k while the females asked for only $141k. But why did they not bargain as hard as the men? Simply because they were more likely to be givers. As a woman, I do enjoy the act of giving up my time, my knowledge, and my care and my attention to others. I don39。t expect anything in return, but I do tend to pull myself away when I feel like I39。m being taken for granted. I also tend to get upset when I see a loved one39。s continuous actions of kindness go unnoticed. So, it39。s safe to say I39。m 50% giver, 35% matcher and 15% taker. I do know someone, however, who is 99% giver. They39。re constantly devoting their time, sharing valuable insights (洞察力) and going out of their way for everyone who crosses their path. Although they39。re changed the lives of many people, they rarely see any of it returned. But the universe is slowly repaying them。 they39。re now extremely successful, well known for what they do.（1）We can learn from the first paragraph that ________. A.most people think they are giversB.people are not always givers or takersC.an individual is born to be a giver or a takerD.few differences exist between givers and takers（2）In Adam Grant39。s opinion, most people ________. A.hate takersB.prefer giving to takingC.enjoy relying on themselvesD.balance giving and taking（3）Hannah39。s study focused on ________. A.the role of giving and taking in jobsB.the gender difference in giving and takingC.the role of men and women in societyD.the salary difference between women and men（4）The author tends to ________. A.think acts of kindness should be valuedB.expect something in return for giving most of the timeC.take giving for grantedD.be a plete matcher（5）What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A.Giving is the shortest path to success.B.Sharing is the greatest human quality.C.No good deed goes undone.D.Givers are worth respecting.【答案】 （1）B（2）D（3）B（4）A（5）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，大多數(shù)人在尋求給予和接受之間的平衡，但是好的行為最終都會得到回報。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“We39。re either giving advice, making time for people, or we39。re on the receiving end. We alternate between the two based on different situations we face on a daily basis, it not an hourly one.”可知，我們根據(jù)每天面對的不同情況在兩者之間交替。我們有時是給予者有時是索取者。故選B。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“They make careful observations on takers and make it a point for them to pay something back. They hate to see people who act so generously towards others not receive any rewards. Actually, most matchers will try hard to promote and support givers so that they can get the good they deserve.”可知，在Adam Grant看來，大多數(shù)人在尋求給予和接受之間的平衡。故選D。 （3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段可知，哈佛教授調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)女子比男子更有可能是給予者，這表明這項實驗集中于人們是給予者還是接受者的性別差異，故選B。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“I also tend to get upset when I see a loved one39。s continuous actions of kindness go unnoticed.”可知，作者不期望任何回報，但作者會在覺得他的善意沒有受到注意的情況下感到沮喪，所以作者認(rèn)為一個人的善意應(yīng)該被珍惜。故選A。 （5）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“But the universe is slowly repaying them。 they39。re now extremely successful, well known for what they do.”可知，好的行為最終都會得到回報，善有善報。故選C。 【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇人生感悟類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解 The world39。s richest man might seem to have it all, but Bill Gates has one regret. The selfmade billionaire said he felt stupid for not knowing any foreign languages. Speaking in his third Ask Me Anything questionandanswer session for online forum Reddit(紅迪網(wǎng)), the Microsoft founder said that he wished he spoke French, Arabic or Chinese. He said, I took Latin and Greek in high school and got As and I guess it helps my vocabulary. I keep hoping to get time to study one of these—probably French because it is the easiest. I did Duolingo for a while but didn39。t keep it up. Gates, who is worth $ billion, praised Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg for surprising an audience in Beijing when he spoke fluent Chinese. Mark Zuckerberg amazingly learned Chinese and did a Q amp。 A with Chinese students—unbelievable, isn39。t it? he said. This isn39。t the first time for Gates to admit his regret over language. He also showed his habits at home and personal insights.