【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 vation: which species and areas are changing, and where are the people who care the most and can do the most to help.”可知Richard認為通過使用這些大數(shù)據(jù)方法，我們可以將我們的注意力轉(zhuǎn)向現(xiàn)代保護中的難題:哪些物種和地區(qū)正在發(fā)生變化，哪些人最關(guān)心這些問題，哪些人能夠提供最多的幫助。即他認為這些搜索數(shù)據(jù)可以有助于設(shè)定保護目標(biāo)。故選A。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．犇犇閱讀理解 A single dose(劑量) of an experimental vaccine(疫苗) can protect mice against the Zika(寨卡) virus, raising renewed hope of a vaccine for humans, say scientists. The US team say the results, published in Nature, are striking and should encourage research efforts. Tests in humans could begin in months. But even if these go well, a licensed vaccine for widespread use to protect those at most risk 173。 such as pregnant women 173。 would still be years away, experts advise. Zika has been spreading across Central and South America and, most recently, Africa. More than 60 countries and territories now have continuing transmission(傳播) of the disease, which is carried by mosquitoes. The virus causes serious birth damages during pregnancy and has been declared a global public health emergency. Now, developing a vaccine for pregnant women to protect their unborn babies is an international research priority(優(yōu)先事項). US scientists from the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School tested two types of Zika vaccine in mice – one based on bits of genetic(基因的) code from the virus and another that is an inactive (and therefore harmless) copy of Zika. Both worked well, protecting every mouse that was immunised against the virus. In parison, all of the mice not given the vaccine caught Zika after they were exposed to it. Researchers say they will push ahead with developing the needed virus vaccine. There are many existing vaccines for other disease that use this type of technology, while there are relatively few DNA173。based vaccines. Of course, future tests will need to check the vaccine is safe and effective in humans, as well as how long the immunity might last.（1）If the tests in humans go smoothly, . A.a vaccine for use in the laboratory will be still be years away.B.pregnant women in Africa will be the first to benefit from the vaccine.C.a licensed vaccine will still not be accessible in a short term.D.The Zika virus will cause less serious birth defects during pregnancy in months.（2）Which of the following statements is NOT true? A.many countries are actively involved in the research of the Zika vaccine.B.US scientists have tested more than two types of Zika vaccine in mice.C.None of the mice given the vaccine caught Zika.D.It is still unknown whether the vaccine is safe and effective.（3）Which can be the best title for the passage? A.Zika vaccine 39。works very well39。 in miceB.Zika vaccine still has a long way to goC.International researches into Zika have paid offD.More attention has been paid to Zika vaccine【答案】 （1）C（2）B（3）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)一種實驗性疫苗可以保護小鼠免受寨卡病毒侵襲。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的But even if these go well, a licensed vaccine for widespread use to protect those at most risk 173。 such as pregnant women 173。 would still be years away可知，但是，即使這些進展順利，一種廣泛用于保護高危人群的授權(quán)疫苗仍需數(shù)年時間，也就是說如果人體試驗進展順利的話，短期內(nèi)仍無法獲得授權(quán)疫苗，故選C。 （2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的US scientists from the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School tested two types of Zika vaccine in mice可知，美國科學(xué)家在白鼠身上只測試了兩種而不是兩種以上的寨卡病毒，故選B。 （3）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的A single dose(劑量) of an experimental vaccine(疫苗) can protect mice against the Zika(寨卡) virus,可知，一種實驗性疫苗可以保護小鼠免受寨卡病毒侵襲，由此可知，本文主要介紹的是寨卡病毒疫苗對小白鼠非常有效，故選A。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行推理，歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．犇犇閱讀理解 Babies have an astonishing talent that adults entirely lose. By the age of one, they can recognise the significant noises around them and group them into a language. When we have lost this capacity as adults, it bees enormously difficult to distinguish between sounds that are glaringly different to a native speaker. It all sounds Greek to us. This is because the range of possible sounds that humans use to convey meaning may be as high as 2,000, but few languages use more than 100 and even then the significant noises－the phonemes (音素) of a language－each cover a range of sounds and so vague distinctions which would change the meaning of a word in other languages. But where do these phonemes e from and why do they shift over time? New research suggests that the apparently arbitrary distribution of some sounds around the world may be partially explained by diet. This is unexpected. We39。d rather think of language as product of our thought rather than of the arrangement of our teeth. In reality, though, any given language must be both. Hunter gatherer languages very seldom use the sounds known as labiodentals (唇齒音)－those such as f and v－that are made by touching the lower lip with the upper teeth. Only two of the hundreds of Australian aboriginal languages use them, for example. But in cultures that have discovered farming, these consonants (輔音) are much more mon. The argument goes that farmers eat more cooked food and more dairy than hunter gatherers. Either way, they need to chew mush less, and to bite less with their front teeth. So farmers grew up with smaller lower jaws and more of an overbite than their ancestors who had to bite through harder foods. It became easier for them to make the labiodental consonants instead of purely labial (唇音) ones: one example is that f e to take the place of p. Romans said pater but English speakers (unless they39。re Rees－Moggs) say father. Beyond these particular changes, the story highlights the way in which everything distinctively human is both material and spiritual: speech must bine sound and meaning, and the meaning can39。t exist or be transmitted without a real object. But neither can it be reduced to the purely physical, as our inability to understand or even to recognise foreign languages makes clear. The food we eat shapes our jaws, an