【文章內容簡介】 were getting rewarded, the trepidation seemed to disappear.…此句為，狗看到生氣的表情后會感到厭惡，并由此退縮，但是一旦聰明的狗意識到會有獎勵之后，它們的恐懼以及退縮就會消失。由此可判斷出A符合題意，故選A。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的......this confirmed what had been observed in previous studies―dogs are more efficient at reading facial expressions of people that are the same gender as their owner可知，狗擅長辨別與自己主人性別相同的人的表情，由此推斷，讓主人是女性的狗來辨別男性面部表情的圖片是比較困難的。故選C。 （4）考查主旨大意。第一段提出文章的主旨即“每個狗的主人都知道他們的狗狗能很好地讀懂他們的情緒，但科學家們一直有點懷疑。現(xiàn)在，有證據(jù)表明這是正確的”，接著在下文用硬實證明了這一點。因此本文的最好的題目就是“狗能識別人的情緒”。故選B。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測，推理判斷和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．犇犇閱讀下面文章，然后從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出每個問題的最佳選項。 An international team of researchers from the University of Oxford have found that the way people use the Internet is closely tied to the seasonal movements in the natural world. Their online species searches follow the patterns of seasonal animal migrations (遷徙). Migratory birds (候鳥) flood back to where they reproduce every spring. That migratory behavior is acpanied by some human behavior. In Englishlanguage Wikipedia (維基百科), the online searches for migratory species tend to increase in spring when those birds arrive in the United States, said the lead author John Mittermeier. And not just birds. Mittermeier and his team surveyed nearly billion Wikipedia search records, for 32,000 species, across 245 languages. They also saw variable search rates for insects, horsetails and flowering plants. Seasonal trends seemed to be widespread in Wikipedia behavior for many species of plants and animals. This finding suggests new ways to monitor changes in the world39。s biological diversity. It also shows new ways to see how much people care about nature, and which species and areas might be the most effective targets for conservation. Mittermeier is encouraged by the search results. He mented, I think there39。s a concern among conservationists (生態(tài)環(huán)境保護者) that people are losing touch with the natural world and that they39。re not interacting with native species anymore. And so in that sense, it was really exciting and quite unexpected for me to see people39。s Wikipedia interest closely related to changes in nature. Richard Grenyer, Associate Professor from the University of Oxford, says search data is useful to conservation biologists, By using these big data approaches, we can direct our attention towards the difficult questions in modern conservation: which species and areas are changing, and where are the people who care the most and can do the most to help.（1）What have researchers found about species searches? strengthen ties among people. affect the animal movements. differ in language backgrounds. reflect animal migration seasons.（2）What is the purpose of writing Paragraph 3? summarize the research process. further support the research findings. show the variety of species searches. present researchers39。 heavy work load.（3）How does Mittermeier feel about the search results? with Wikipedia39。s service. about Wikipedia behavior. at people39。s care about nature. about people39。s not getting close to nature.（4）Why does Richard think such search data is useful? helps to aim at conservation targets. increases interest in big data approaches. keeps track of trends in biologists39。 work. pushes people to solve difficult problems.【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）C（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，牛津大學的一個國際研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的方式與自然界的季節(jié)性運動密切相關。他們的在線物種搜索遵循季節(jié)性動物遷徙的模式。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)提出了監(jiān)測世界生物多樣性變化的新方法。它還展示了一種新的方式來了解人們有多關心自然，以及哪些物種和地區(qū)可能是最有效的保護目標。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Their online species searches follow the patterns of seasonal animal migrations (遷徙).”可知關于物種搜索，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了他們遵循季節(jié)性動物遷徙的模式。故選D。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Seasonal trends seemed to be widespread in Wikipedia behavior for many species of plants and animals.”可知在維基百科上，許多動植物的行為似乎都有季節(jié)性趨勢。即第三段的寫作目的是為了進一步支持研究結果。故選B。 （3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“it was really exciting and quite unexpected for me to see people39。s Wikipedia interest closely related to changes in nature”可知Mittermeier看到人們對維基百科的興趣是與大自然的變化密切相關的，感到非常興奮和意外。故選C。 （4）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“By using these big data approaches, we can direct our attention towards the difficult questions in modern conservation: which species and areas are changing, and where are the people who care the most and can do the most to help.”可知Richard認為通過使用這些大數(shù)據(jù)方法，我們可以將我們的注意力轉向現(xiàn)代保護中的難題:哪些物種和地區(qū)正在發(fā)生變化，哪些人最關心這些問題，哪些人能夠提供最多的幫助。即他認為這些搜索數(shù)據(jù)可以有助于設定保護目標。故選A。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5．犇犇閱讀理解 Researchers have found bees can do basic mathematics, in a discovery that deepens our understanding of the relationship between brain size and brain power. Recently, A study conducted by researchers from RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia showed that bees could perform arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction (減法). Solving math problems requires a plex level of involving the mental management of numbers, longterm rules and shortterm working memory. The finding that even the tiny brain of a honeybee can grasp basic mathematical operations has a possible effect on the future development of Artificial Intelligence, particularly in improving rapid learning. RMIT39。s Professor Adrian Dyer said numerical (數(shù)字的) operations like addition and subtraction are plex because they require two levels of processing. “You need to be able to hold the rules around adding and subtracting in your longterm memory, while mentally using skillfully a set of given numbers in your shortterm memory,” Dyer said. “On top of this, our bees also used their shortterm memories to solve arithmetic problems, as they learned to recognize plus or minus as abstract concepts.” The findings suggest that advanced numerical cognition (認知) may be found much more widely in nature among nonhuman animals than previously suspected. “If math doesn39。t require a massive brain, there might also be new ways for us to include interactions of both longterm rules and working memory in designs to improve rapid AI learning of new problems,” said Dyer. Many species can understand the difference between quantities and use this to search for food, make decisions and solve problems. But numerical cognition, such as exact number and arithmetic operations, requires a more plex level of