【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 for the puppet who had been allowed to pass. Because respect from others is a marker of status, this suggests that children have a preference for those with a higher status—even before age three.”可知，蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子喜歡那個(gè)被允許通過(guò)的木偶，是因?yàn)檫@種行為代表著受人尊敬，孩子們更喜歡受尊敬的人。故選D。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“In this case, 18 of the 21 toddlers reached for the one who was knocked the participants were so young, this might even be an innate human preference.”可知，孩子們會(huì)走向被撞倒的人，而由于孩子太小，甚至可能是人類(lèi)與生俱來(lái)的偏好。由此可推斷出，人們天生不喜歡不友善的行為。故選B。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“In a word, this new research suggests that young children appreciate people who do well while at the same time doing good to others.”可知，孩子欣賞那些在做好事的同時(shí)表現(xiàn)出色的人。由此可推斷出，我們鼓勵(lì)孩子去贏的同時(shí)，提醒他們要體諒他人。故選C。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科教類(lèi)閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．犇犇Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read. Stocky, slowmoving whale, rarely grows beyond 15 metres in length Flippers are a third of body length。 variable dorsal fin size and shape。 sawtoothed trailing edge on flukes, often raised when diving Bumpy tubercles on top of head Body colour is dark brown to black。 often extensive white on flippers and underside of body and flukes。 such patterns enable individual recognition Bushy blow, occasionally Vshaped 270400 olive baleen plates Humpback whales belong to the rorqual (groovethroated) family, which includes fin, sei, Bryde39。s, minke and blue whales. The big family migrate between winter tropical breeding areas (North West Shelf, Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiii, Tonga) and summer Antarctic feeding areas. Once mon in New Zealand waters, humpbacks are now rarely seen and may migrate further offshore. Males pete for mates either by physical fight or by song. Females give birth to their young every two to three years。 some nonbreeding females probably remain in the southern waters during winter. Young humpback whales return to their area of birth but in later life some wander between breeding areas. Humpbacks eat small shrimps and other schooling prey, such as fish, forming small, cooperative groups of two to three individuals to feed. Similar species: Easily identifiable due to a 39。hump39。 back when submerging, but at a distance may be confused with other species that raise their flukes when diving, such as sperm, right and blue whales. Protection status: Recovering well from past whaling and now numerous in some former migration and aggregation areas, rarely seen in others.（1）Which of the following is TRUE about humpback whales? A.Their long flippers vary in length, size and shape like dorsal fin.B.They are large and likely to grow longer than 15 metres.C.The different colors and patterns of the body help to be recognized.D.Their bumpy tubercles and blowholes are on both sides of head.（2）Which of the following can be inferred from this article39。s description of humpback whales39。 migration? A.They need warmer waters to breed.B.They can39。t survive in extreme cold.C.They find plentiful food in tropical waters.D.They are mostly hunted in New Zealand waters.（3）This article is mainly intended to . A.explain why humpbacks are still hunted in some parts of the worldB.introduce how humpbacks migrate through some dangerous watersC.popularize the basic knowledge of humpbacks and call for protectionD.help distinguish humpbacks from other similar species【答案】 （1）C（2）A（3）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了座頭鯨外形特點(diǎn)、體重、顏色，以及其如何繁殖、喂養(yǎng)等生活習(xí)性等，并呼吁大家保護(hù)它。 （1）考查推理判斷 。根據(jù)第四個(gè)小點(diǎn)后的一段Body color is dark brown to black。 often extensive white on flippers and underside of body and flukes。 such patterns enable individual recognition可知，座頭鯨體色由深棕色至黑色，腳蹼、身體底部和尾鰭上通常是大面積的白色；這樣的圖案使單個(gè)的座頭鯨很容易被識(shí)別。分析選項(xiàng)可知C項(xiàng)符合題意，故選C。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五個(gè)小黑點(diǎn)后面的The big family migrate between winter tropical breeding areas (North West Shelf, Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiii, Tonga) and summer Antarctic feeding areas. 座頭鯨這個(gè)大家族在冬季的熱帶繁殖區(qū)（西北大陸架、大堡礁、新喀里多尼亞、瓦努阿圖、斐濟(jì)、湯加）和夏季南極喂養(yǎng)區(qū)之間遷徙。可知，座頭鯨在熱帶地區(qū)繁殖。冬季的熱帶繁殖區(qū)，是溫暖的地方?？芍^鯨需要在暖和的地方繁殖，故選A。 （3）考查主旨大意。本文主要對(duì)座頭鯨外形特點(diǎn)、體重、顏色，以及其如何繁殖喂養(yǎng)等生活習(xí)性等作了介紹，并呼吁大家保護(hù)意識(shí)。所以本文目的是普及有關(guān)座頭鯨的知識(shí)，并對(duì)它們加以保護(hù)。分析選項(xiàng)可知C項(xiàng)符合題意，故選C。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．犇犇閱讀理解 Threequarters of the world39。s coffee farms destroy forest habitat to grow coffee in the sun and typically use harmful pesticides (殺蟲(chóng)劑) and chemicals that poison the environment. When forests disappear, migratory (遷徙的) songbirds disappear, too. In order to deal with severe population and habitat loss, Smithsonian scientists created the Bird Friendly certification. Bird Friendly coffees are shadegrown, meaning the coffee is planted under trees, rather than on the land that has been cleared of all other plants. Coffee experts say shadegrown coffees taste better, because the beans ripen slower than coffee grown in the full sun, resulting in a richer, more plex flavor. Bird Friendly certified coffees grow under biodiverse shade that provides habitat for migratory songbirds and other wildlife, stores carbon and fights climate change. Bird Friendly coffees are also certified organic, meaning they are grown without pesticides, which is better for people and for the planet. Bird Friendly producers can also earn more for their crops. The wood and fruit trees on shade coffee farms provide farmers with additional ine. Every cup of Bird Friendly coffee purchased rewards these farmers with a little more money for being good stewards of the environment and encourages them to continue conserving Bird Friendly habitat. Buying Bird Friendly supports the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center39。s conservation research aimed at understanding and protecting your feathered friends. You can purchase Bird Friendly certified coffees around the world and protect wildlife and habitat with every cup. Find a store or cafe near you, or better yet, have it shipped to your door when you order online.（1）What is the present situation of coffee farms? A.One fourth of them have destroyed forest habitat for birds.B.Pesticides and chemical