【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ees could perform arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction (減法). Solving math problems requires a plex level of involving the mental management of numbers, longterm rules and shortterm working memory. The finding that even the tiny brain of a honeybee can grasp basic mathematical operations has a possible effect on the future development of Artificial Intelligence, particularly in improving rapid learning. RMIT39。s Professor Adrian Dyer said numerical (數(shù)字的) operations like addition and subtraction are plex because they require two levels of processing. “You need to be able to hold the rules around adding and subtracting in your longterm memory, while mentally using skillfully a set of given numbers in your shortterm memory,” Dyer said. “On top of this, our bees also used their shortterm memories to solve arithmetic problems, as they learned to recognize plus or minus as abstract concepts.” The findings suggest that advanced numerical cognition (認(rèn)知) may be found much more widely in nature among nonhuman animals than previously suspected. “If math doesn39。t require a massive brain, there might also be new ways for us to include interactions of both longterm rules and working memory in designs to improve rapid AI learning of new problems,” said Dyer. Many species can understand the difference between quantities and use this to search for food, make decisions and solve problems. But numerical cognition, such as exact number and arithmetic operations, requires a more plex level of processing. Previous studies have shown some primates (靈長目動物), birds, babies and even spiders can add and/or subtract. The new research, published in Science Advances, adds bees to that list.（1）What have the researchers from RMIT University discovered? A.The relationship between brain size and brain power.B.Longterm rules and short term working memory.C.Bees can perform plex arithmetic operations.D.Bees can do basic mathematics.（2）According to Adrian Dyer, bees39。 numerical cognition ________. A.requires addition and subtraction two plex processingB.has a possible effect on the future development of AIC.only involves their shortterm working memoryD.calls for a lot of maths knowledge（3）What does the finding of the new research suggest? A.Bees can recogize the exact number.B.Arithmetic operations exist in human and bees.C.Numerical cognition has been found in many more species.D.Some primates, birds and even spiders can add and substract.（4）What can be the best title for the text? A.A Discovery About the Tiny Brain of BeesB.New Findings About Bees Having Numerical CogintionC.Numerical Cognition Requires a Complex Level of ProcessingD.The Relationship Between Brain Size and Brain Power【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）C（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，RMIT大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了蜜蜂能做基本的數(shù)學(xué)。此前的研究表明，一些靈長類動物、鳥類、嬰兒甚至蜘蛛都可以加減法。發(fā)表在《科學(xué)進展》(Science Advances)雜志上的這項新研究將蜜蜂也列入了這一名單。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Australia showed that bees could perform arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction (減法).”澳大利亞證明蜜蜂可以做加法和減法等算術(shù)運算?！笨芍?，RMIT大學(xué) 的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了蜜蜂能做基本的數(shù)學(xué)。故選D。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的“If math doesn39。t require a massive brain, there might also be new ways for us to include interactions of both longterm rules and working memory in designs to improve rapid AI learning of new problems,”如果數(shù)學(xué)不需要一個巨大的大腦，那么在設(shè)計中，我們也可能有新的方法來包括長期規(guī)則和工作記憶的互動，從而提高人工智能對新問題的快速學(xué)習(xí)，可知，Adrian Dyer認(rèn)為，蜜蜂的數(shù)字認(rèn)知對人工智能的未來發(fā)展可能有影響。故選B。 （3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Many species can understand the difference between quantities and use this to search for food, make decisions and solve problems. But numerical cognition, such as exact number and arithmetic operations, requires a more plex level of processing.”許多物種都能理解數(shù)量之間的差異，并以此來尋找食物、做出決定和解決問題。但是數(shù)字認(rèn)知，比如精確的數(shù)字和算術(shù)運算，需要更復(fù)雜的處理。可知，新研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)說明了在更多的物種中發(fā)現(xiàn)了數(shù)字認(rèn)知。故選C。 （4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Previous studies have shown some primates (靈長目動物), birds, babies and even spiders can add and/or subtract. The new research, published in Science Advances, adds bees to that list.”此前的研究表明，一些靈長類動物、鳥類、嬰兒甚至蜘蛛都可以加減法。發(fā)表在《科學(xué)進展》(Science Advances)雜志上的這項新研究將蜜蜂也列入了這一名單?！惫蔬xB。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．犇犇閱讀理解 According to a recent study, a new genetically modified rice can prevent infections of HIV, the virus responsible for the disease AIDS. The study reports the newlydeveloped rice produces proteins that attach directly to the HIV virus. This process prevents the virus from mixing with human cells. The scientists say it can remove the effect of the virus and block its spreading. The Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS reports that worldwide, nearly 37 million people were living with HIV in 2017. The organization says the largest number of those are in developing countries. Nearly twothirds of HIV cases are in Africa. Now there is no cure for HIV/AIDS though there have been developments in oral drug treatments to slow the progression of the disease. The new study predicts the ricebased method will lead to longterm use of the antiHIV treatment across the developing world. Researchers said the groundbreaking discovery is realistically the only way that antiHIV bination treatments can be produced at a cost low enough for the developing world. They say the easiest and most costeffective way to use the rice will be to make it into a cream to be put on the skin. The HIVfighting proteins can then enter the body through the skin. People all over the world could grow the rice and make the cream themselves. This would prevent the cost and travel required for many patients to receive treatments and medicine. The process of changing the genetic structure of food crops has been debated for some time. Critics of genetically engineered crops believe they can harm people. The scientific team says further testing is needed to ensure that the gene