【文章內容簡介】 ry. The amount of inventory that should be held and its location within a pany’ logistics structure is vital in order to meet customer service requirements and expectations.167。 物流最主要的方面之一是研究庫存相關問題。為了滿足客戶的需求和期望，我們必須持有一定量的庫存并且這些庫存在公司物流結構中的地位也是很重要的。 The need to hold stocks持有庫存的必要性167。 To keep down production costs. 167。 為了降低產品成本 。167。 To account variations in demand. 167。 為了滿足需求的多樣性。167。 To take account of variable supply (lead) times. 167。 為了應付供應商供應時間的變化。 167。 Buying costs. 167。 購買成本。等等 Types of stockholding庫存持有類型167。 Raw material原料 167。 Inprocess stocksometimes known as work in progress167。 按程序工作，成品庫存 167。 Finished productsstocks 167。 生產最終的產成品 167。 Pipeline在途庫存 167。 large manufacturing plant 最大量的產品 167。 等等The implications for other logistics functions對其他物流功能的影響Inventory costs庫存成本167。 There are four principal elements of inventory cost. 167。 Capital cost167。 資金成本 167。 Service cost167。 服務成本 167。 Storage cost167。 儲存成本 167。 Risk cost167。 風險成本 167。 Another important cost167。 其他重要成本 定期補貨系統(tǒng) 定點補貨系統(tǒng) 經(jīng)濟訂貨數(shù)量公式167。 P=訂單成本167。 D=單位年需求167。 U=單位庫存成本167。 F=年庫存持有成本167。 UF=每年每單位持有成本 訂貨數(shù)量 經(jīng)濟訂貨數(shù)量原則Demand forecasting需求預測Summary 小結167。 The implication of inventory holding policy on other logistics functions were highlighted, with particular emphasis on the need to provide a suitable balance between cost and service, and the need to avoid the suboptimization of logistics resources.167。 The two main inventory replenishment systems were explainedperiodic review and fixed point reorder. The Forrester effect was described, demonstrating the impact on requirements further up the supply chain as enduser demand changes. The question of reorder quantity was then discussed and the EOQ method was outlined. The need to take other factors into account when determining order quantity was emphasized.167。 Two methods of demand forecasting were outlined, the moving average and exponential smoothing.New words and special terms 生詞和短語167。 stockouts n. 缺貨167。 safety stock 安全庫存167。 backup n. 備用167。 stockholding 庫存維持167。 stockpile n. 堆存167。 suboptimization n. 次佳效應167。 unit cost 單元成本 167。 obsolete stock 陳舊庫存167。 dead stock 死庫存167。 offset vt. 抵消167。 trunking n. 線槽，管槽167。 FMCG fast moving consumer goods167。 demand characteristics 需求特性167。 capital cost 資本成本167。 hightech 高科技167。 reorder n. 再定購167。 fixed interval 固定期167。 fixed point 固定點167。 drawback n. 退款167。 enduser 最終用戶Questions 思考題167。 What are the main reasons for holding stock?167。 What are the main stock types?167。 Explain the “ABC” analysis in your own words?167。 Describe Figure and in your own words?167。 What is the economic order quantity? Chapter 6 Inventory planning and management 第6章 庫存計劃與管理Introduction 引言167。 In the previous part, the basic inventory planning and management techniques were described. This part provides a description of some of the very recent developments in inventory planning, particularly with respect to the way that Inventory is viewed across the supply chain as a whole. In addition, the important relationship of inventory and time is discussed.167。 前面幾章介紹了基本庫存計劃和管理的基本技術。本章主要介紹庫存計劃最近一段時間的一些發(fā)展，特別是關于庫存供應鏈設備一個整體的方法。另外還討論了庫存與時間之間的重要關系。Problems with traditional approaches to inventory planning庫存規(guī)劃的傳統(tǒng)方法存在的問題167。 Demand is not as predictable as it may once have been.167。 需求與預測不一致。167。 Lead times are not constant.167。 提前期不是常數(shù)。167。 Costs can be variable.167。 成本可能是變化的。167。 Individual products are closely linked to others .個別產品與其它產品密切相聯(lián) Different inventory requirements不同的庫存需求167。 The push approach167。 拉動式167。 The pull approach167。 推動式The leadtime gap前置期差距Figure The leadtime gapInventory and time 庫存和時間Figure High inventory levels can hide other supply chain problemsAnalyzing time and inventory分析時間和庫存167。 Valueadding time 167。 價值增值時間 167。 Nonvalueadding time 167。 非價值增值時間 167。 The total time or pipeline time 167。 總時間或傳遞時間 Figure An example of a supply chain map showing inventory mapped against timeInventory planning for manufacturing 制造業(yè)的庫存規(guī)劃167。 The need to take a plete supply chain perspective when planning。167。 做一個供應鏈的整體計劃；167。 The need to undertake appropriate analysis。167。 合適的分析；167。 The identification of unnecessary inventory and unnecessary steps in key processes。關鍵過程中非必要的庫存與非必要的步驟；167。 Work towards customer service requirements as well as cost minimization when planning for production。167。 面向顧客需求生產，使成本最小化；167。 Design products to be patible with supply chain requirements。167。 開發(fā)適合供應鏈需求的產品；167。 Design production processes to be patible with supply chain requirements. 167。 設計適合供應鏈需求的生產過程。Inventory planning for retailing零售業(yè)的庫存規(guī)劃167。 供應商管理庫存（VMI） 167。 持續(xù)補貨（CRP） 167。 有效客戶反映（ECR） Summary小結167。 The relationship between inventory and time was also reviewed. Two important elements were described: the leadtime gap and the opportunity for leadtime reduction. In addition, the technique of supply chain mapping was outlined, and it was shown how this could help in the analysis of inventory in the supply chain, and show how valueadding and nonvalueadding time could be identified.167。 New words and special terms 生詞和短語167。 connecting cable 連接電纜167。 vertical adj. 垂直的167。 chip n. 芯片167。 push system 推動式系統(tǒng)167。 pull system 拉動式系統(tǒng)167。 hybrid systems 混合系統(tǒng)167。 customer’s order cycle time 顧客訂貨周期167。 leadtime gap 前置期間隙167。 ordertodelivery 訂貨交付167。 supply chain mapping 供應鏈計劃圖167。 bottleneck n. 瓶頸167。 timephased 時間段167。 WIP work in process 按程序工作167。 patible adj. 兼容的167。 brand n. 品牌167。 outsource 企業(yè)外包167。 profitability n. 利潤率167。 NDCs national distribution centers 全國配送中心167。 RDCs regional distribution centers 地區(qū)配送中心167。 merchandising 商品之廣告推銷167。 VMI vendor management inventory 賣方主導型庫存管理167。 CRP continuous replenishment 連續(xù)補貨167。 EPOS electronic pointofsale 電子銷售點167。 crossdocking 交叉收貨167。 QR quick response 快速反應167。 ECR efficient consumer response 有效客戶反應167。