【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 ④向觀眾提問(wèn)。演講者可以在開(kāi)篇提出一個(gè)問(wèn)題，這樣可以引發(fā)聽(tīng)眾的思考，也會(huì)引導(dǎo)他們?nèi)ヂ?tīng)演講者如何解答問(wèn)題。此外，也可以在開(kāi)篇引用一段名言，或是講述一個(gè)故事等，這些基本的開(kāi)篇方式被無(wú)數(shù)的演講證明是實(shí)用而且有效的。
　　iamp。rsquo。d just turned 30.”。數(shù)據(jù)很直觀，能讓聽(tīng)眾更直接地認(rèn)識(shí)和理解演講內(nèi)容。 　　結(jié)尾有”。道”。，畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛 　　演講的結(jié)尾往往需要起到”。畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛”。的作用，要盡量做到意味深長(zhǎng)、啟發(fā)思考。開(kāi)篇和正文再好，如果結(jié)尾過(guò)于平淡，整個(gè)演講的精彩程度也會(huì)大打折扣。那么如何做到結(jié)尾有”。道”。呢?首先我們來(lái)看看喬布斯的這篇演講稿，他的結(jié)尾比開(kāi)篇更加出彩，采用的是”。引文結(jié)尾”。的方式，達(dá)到了引人深思的效果。他在結(jié)尾說(shuō)道：”。stewart and his team put out several issues of the whole earth catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. it was the mid1970s, and i was your age. on the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. beneath it were the words amp。lsquo。stay hungry. stay foolish.amp。rsquo。 it was their farewell message as they signed off. stay hungry. stay foolish. and i have always wished that for myself. and now, as you graduate to begin anew, i wish that for you. stay hungry. stay foolish.”。喬布斯不僅在演講結(jié)尾引用了這句”。stay hungry. stay foolish”。(求知若渴，虛懷若谷)，而且重復(fù)三遍，強(qiáng)化了聽(tīng)眾的印象。這句話后來(lái)也被廣泛傳播，被譽(yù)為該篇演講的精髓。 　　除了喬布斯這種”。引文結(jié)尾”。的方式，常見(jiàn)的演講結(jié)尾方式還有如下幾種：①總結(jié)演講。對(duì)演講中的各個(gè)論點(diǎn)或要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單總結(jié)和梳理，加深聽(tīng)眾的印象。②強(qiáng)有力的陳述。這種方式不同于引用他人之言，往往是演講者自己的總結(jié)和心聲。一個(gè)非常經(jīng)典的例子是patrick henry的演講”。liberty or death”。他在結(jié)尾時(shí)說(shuō)道：”。is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? forbid it, almighty god! i know not what course others may take。 but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!”。③首尾呼應(yīng)。在演講結(jié)尾對(duì)開(kāi)篇提到的主題和重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行重新闡述，這是體現(xiàn)　觀點(diǎn)明確，支撐有效
　　毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，在演講稿中，主體段的信息量最大，寫(xiě)作量也最大。如何清晰地闡釋演講者的觀點(diǎn)或演講要點(diǎn)，如何用相關(guān)事實(shí)有效地支撐演講者的各個(gè)論點(diǎn)或要點(diǎn)，是演講稿主體段寫(xiě)作時(shí)應(yīng)該把握的關(guān)鍵。喬布斯在斯坦福大學(xué)的畢業(yè)演講中明確給出了三個(gè)要點(diǎn)：① the first story is about connecting the dots. ② my second story is about love and loss. ③ my third story is about 、有效地闡述自己想要表達(dá)的這三個(gè)要點(diǎn)，他運(yùn)用了以下三種手段：首先是舉例子。喬布斯在演講中用了大量的事例來(lái)說(shuō)明他怎么對(duì)待學(xué)習(xí)、工作和死亡。比如他說(shuō)自己讀書(shū)時(shí)旁聽(tīng)有意思的書(shū)法課程，這些課在當(dāng)時(shí)對(duì)他沒(méi)什么實(shí)質(zhì)幫助，但是十年后在當(dāng)他設(shè)計(jì)第一款macintosh電腦的時(shí)候，這些東西全派上了用場(chǎng)，這個(gè)例子充分說(shuō)明了他演講的第一個(gè)要點(diǎn)。串起生命中的點(diǎn)滴。另一個(gè)手段是引用。喬布斯在演講中引用了一些名言警句來(lái)闡述自己的觀點(diǎn)。比如在講到死亡時(shí)，他引用了一句格言：”。if you live each day as if it was your last, someday youamp。rsquo。ll most certainly be right.”。這句話表明了他對(duì)于生命和死亡的看法，使聽(tīng)眾印象深刻。第三個(gè)手段是數(shù)據(jù)支持。在講第二個(gè)故事。關(guān)于愛(ài)和失去時(shí)，喬布斯用了一系列數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)支撐自己的觀點(diǎn)。他說(shuō)自己是幸運(yùn)的，因?yàn)椤?。woz and i started apple in my parentsamp。rsquo。 garage when i was 20. we worked hard, and in 10 years apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion pany with over 4000 employees. weamp。rsquo。d just released our finest creation。the macintosh。a year earlier, and iamp。rsquo。d just turned 30.”。數(shù)據(jù)很直觀，能讓聽(tīng)眾更直接地認(rèn)識(shí)和理解演講內(nèi)容。
　　iamp。rsquo。d just turned 30.”。數(shù)據(jù)很直觀，能讓聽(tīng)眾更直接地認(rèn)識(shí)和理解演講內(nèi)容。 　　結(jié)尾有”。道”。，畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛 　　演講的結(jié)尾往往需要起到”。畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛”。的作用，要盡量做到意味深長(zhǎng)、啟發(fā)思考。開(kāi)篇和正文再好，如果結(jié)尾過(guò)于平淡，整個(gè)演講的精彩程度也會(huì)大打折扣。那么如何做到結(jié)尾有”。道”。呢?首先我們來(lái)看看喬布斯的這篇演講稿，他的結(jié)尾比開(kāi)篇更加出彩，采用的是”。引文結(jié)尾”。的方式，達(dá)到了引人深思的效果。他在結(jié)尾說(shuō)道：”。stewart and his team put out several issues of the whole earth catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. it was the mid1970s, and i was your age. on the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. beneath it were the words amp。lsquo。stay hungry. stay foolish.amp。rsquo。 it was their farewell message as they signed off.