【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ④向觀眾提問。演講者可以在開篇提出一個問題，這樣可以引發(fā)聽眾的思考，也會引導他們?nèi)ヂ犙葜v者如何解答問題。此外，也可以在開篇引用一段名言，或是講述一個故事等，這些基本的開篇方式被無數(shù)的演講證明是實用而且有效的。
　　iamp。rsquo。d just turned 30.”。數(shù)據(jù)很直觀，能讓聽眾更直接地認識和理解演講內(nèi)容。 　　結(jié)尾有”。道”。，畫龍點睛 　　演講的結(jié)尾往往需要起到”。畫龍點睛”。的作用，要盡量做到意味深長、啟發(fā)思考。開篇和正文再好，如果結(jié)尾過于平淡，整個演講的精彩程度也會大打折扣。那么如何做到結(jié)尾有”。道”。呢?首先我們來看看喬布斯的這篇演講稿，他的結(jié)尾比開篇更加出彩，采用的是”。引文結(jié)尾”。的方式，達到了引人深思的效果。他在結(jié)尾說道：”。stewart and his team put out several issues of the whole earth catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. it was the mid1970s, and i was your age. on the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. beneath it were the words amp。lsquo。stay hungry. stay foolish.amp。rsquo。 it was their farewell message as they signed off. stay hungry. stay foolish. and i have always wished that for myself. and now, as you graduate to begin anew, i wish that for you. stay hungry. stay foolish.”。喬布斯不僅在演講結(jié)尾引用了這句”。stay hungry. stay foolish”。(求知若渴，虛懷若谷)，而且重復三遍，強化了聽眾的印象。這句話后來也被廣泛傳播，被譽為該篇演講的精髓。 　　除了喬布斯這種”。引文結(jié)尾”。的方式，常見的演講結(jié)尾方式還有如下幾種：①總結(jié)演講。對演講中的各個論點或要點進行簡單總結(jié)和梳理，加深聽眾的印象。②強有力的陳述。這種方式不同于引用他人之言，往往是演講者自己的總結(jié)和心聲。一個非常經(jīng)典的例子是patrick henry的演講”。liberty or death”。他在結(jié)尾時說道：”。is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? forbid it, almighty god! i know not what course others may take。 but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!”。③首尾呼應(yīng)。在演講結(jié)尾對開篇提到的主題和重點進行重新闡述，這是體現(xiàn)　觀點明確，支撐有效
　　毫無疑問，在演講稿中，主體段的信息量最大，寫作量也最大。如何清晰地闡釋演講者的觀點或演講要點，如何用相關(guān)事實有效地支撐演講者的各個論點或要點，是演講稿主體段寫作時應(yīng)該把握的關(guān)鍵。喬布斯在斯坦福大學的畢業(yè)演講中明確給出了三個要點：① the first story is about connecting the dots. ② my second story is about love and loss. ③ my third story is about 、有效地闡述自己想要表達的這三個要點，他運用了以下三種手段：首先是舉例子。喬布斯在演講中用了大量的事例來說明他怎么對待學習、工作和死亡。比如他說自己讀書時旁聽有意思的書法課程，這些課在當時對他沒什么實質(zhì)幫助，但是十年后在當他設(shè)計第一款macintosh電腦的時候，這些東西全派上了用場，這個例子充分說明了他演講的第一個要點。串起生命中的點滴。另一個手段是引用。喬布斯在演講中引用了一些名言警句來闡述自己的觀點。比如在講到死亡時，他引用了一句格言：”。if you live each day as if it was your last, someday youamp。rsquo。ll most certainly be right.”。這句話表明了他對于生命和死亡的看法，使聽眾印象深刻。第三個手段是數(shù)據(jù)支持。在講第二個故事。關(guān)于愛和失去時，喬布斯用了一系列數(shù)據(jù)來支撐自己的觀點。他說自己是幸運的，因為”。woz and i started apple in my parentsamp。rsquo。 garage when i was 20. we worked hard, and in 10 years apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion pany with over 4000 employees. weamp。rsquo。d just released our finest creation。the macintosh。a year earlier, and iamp。rsquo。d just turned 30.”。數(shù)據(jù)很直觀，能讓聽眾更直接地認識和理解演講內(nèi)容。
　　iamp。rsquo。d just turned 30.”。數(shù)據(jù)很直觀，能讓聽眾更直接地認識和理解演講內(nèi)容。 　　結(jié)尾有”。道”。，畫龍點睛 　　演講的結(jié)尾往往需要起到”。畫龍點睛”。的作用，要盡量做到意味深長、啟發(fā)思考。開篇和正文再好，如果結(jié)尾過于平淡，整個演講的精彩程度也會大打折扣。那么如何做到結(jié)尾有”。道”。呢?首先我們來看看喬布斯的這篇演講稿，他的結(jié)尾比開篇更加出彩，采用的是”。引文結(jié)尾”。的方式，達到了引人深思的效果。他在結(jié)尾說道：”。stewart and his team put out several issues of the whole earth catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. it was the mid1970s, and i was your age. on the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. beneath it were the words amp。lsquo。stay hungry. stay foolish.amp。rsquo。 it was their farewell message as they signed off.