【正文】 于”表結(jié)果。例如：3）Do you know whether he will ride here at 8 tomorrow morning？（注：2002上海市徐匯區(qū)中考試題填上答案后的句子。例如：10）You must remember what your teacher said．（河南省）11）—Dad，do you know when the football game will start？—In half an hour．（寧波市）12）漢譯英：你能不能告訴我，我們?nèi)タ赐l？誤：Can you tell me who（m）do we have to see？正：Can you tell me who（m）we have to see？錯句的錯誤出在賓語從句中誤用了疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)——主語前加了個助動詞do。，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物三、定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)錯誤最佳答案定語從句是由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句，其作用是作定語修飾主句的某個成分，定語從句分為限定性和非限定性從句兩種。3時間狀語從句（adverbial clause of time）, while, as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。（as表示“一邊……一邊”）As we was going out, it began to ，開始下雪了。例如：I didn39。例如：I will go there directly I have finished my ，我立即到那里去。Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he39?！咀⒁狻縜nywhere本身是個副詞，但是，?？梢砸龑?dǎo)從句，相當于連詞，意思相似于wherever, anywhere引導(dǎo)的從句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。,還可以表示部分意義。要注意在狀語從句中有一個規(guī)則是“主將從現(xiàn)”，即主句是將來時，則從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。（that從句用于解釋說明the fact）定語從句相當于一個形容詞，用于修飾前面的名詞。He himself told me that his brother John is a worldfamous ,他的兄長約翰是一位世界聞名的醫(yī)生。因此他們走到哪里都受到熱烈歡迎。例如：By the time you came back, I had finished this ，我已經(jīng)寫完這本書了。Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你見面以后，你到哪里去了？It is four years since my sister lived in 。After we had finished the work, we went ，我們回家了。并且while有時還可以表示對比。例如：I will call you as soon as I arrive in 。一、限定性定語從句，which代表事物；它們在從句中作主語或賓語，that在從句中作賓語時?？墒÷躁P(guān)系詞，which在從句中作賓語則不能省略。）9）He didn39。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連接詞，課本上寫有三類，但從學(xué)習(xí)的角度看分為四類更為實用。, as, since, for語氣 位置 意義because 最強 前或后 “原因”；表客觀因果關(guān)系；回答“” as 較強 前 “由于”；把眾人所知的事實當作理由since 較弱 前 “既然”；就對方陳述的事實作為理由for 最弱 后 “理由”；對某一事實進行推斷的理由注：上面所說的“前”，指從句在主句之前；“后”，指從句在主句之后?！?例句：That fact is(that)she never liked could be this part of the ice sheet is not necessarily sensitive to golbal 。例如：We have some doubt whether they can plete the task on is no doubt that Tom will keep his 、同位語從句在句中的位置（如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等）的后面，用以說明該名詞所表達的具體內(nèi)容。will e。例如：We will go to Bao Du Zhai if it is fine 。引述動詞如果用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時，間接引語的時態(tài)不變。例如：Do you know（if/whether he has seen the film）? ，從句要用過去時的相應(yīng)時態(tài)。Whether this is true or not , I can39。我們根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞不同，可把賓語從句分為三類：以從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。1）Whether 后能跟 or not, if 不行。 you tell me what39。從句中的第一人稱多變?yōu)榈谌朔Q，第二人稱根據(jù)情況改為第一人稱或第三人稱，第三人稱不變。直接引語為特殊疑問句，將直接引語變?yōu)橛商厥庖蓡柧湟龑?dǎo)的賓語從句，語序是陳述語序。如：→Could you tell me how to get to the park? ，see，watch，hear等感官動詞時，從句常簡化為“賓語＋賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補為不帶to的不定式或Ving形式。He hasn39?！?由it作形式主語，常用句型有：It is +名詞/形容詞/過去分詞+主語從句It is still a question whether she will e or is strange that you should like is still unknown which team will win the ，還有以下常用結(jié)構(gòu)： It turned out that… 結(jié)果是… It has been found that…已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)… It has been proved that…已經(jīng)證明… It happened/occurred that…恰好… It is wellknown that…據(jù)說…It is said/reported that…據(jù)說/據(jù)報道… It must be pointed out that…必須指出… It doesn’t matter whether…是否…都沒關(guān)系 It makes no difference whether…是否…毫無區(qū)別二、表語從句★ 定義：表語是一個完整的句子。when表時間，從句既可以用延續(xù)性動詞，又可以用瞬間動詞。賓語從句是初中英語中最重要的一種從句，它內(nèi)容完整，句型結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜，主句和從句時態(tài)搭配要求嚴格，在中考試題中頻頻出現(xiàn)。）7）Can you tell me whom he is waiting for？（天津市）4．連接副詞when，where，why，how：起連接作用，分別作時間、地點、原因、方式狀語，各有其自己的意義。例如：14）He thought he was working for the people．15）I heard she had been to the Great W all．16）John hoped that he would find a job soon．但賓語從句如果表示定理法則、永恒真理等，則不變化：17）The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun定語從句定語從句內(nèi)容提要定語從句是由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句，其作用是作定語修飾主句的某個成分，定語從句分為限定性和非限定性從句兩種。狀語從句可分為：；(adverbial clause of time)；(adverbial clause of place)；(adverbial clause of cause)；(adverbial clause of condition)；(adverbial clause of purpose)；(adverbial clause of concession)；(adverbial clause of parison)；(adverbial clause of degree)；(adverbial clause of manner)。(瞬時動詞)When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for ，我常常為他擔(dān)水。My father had left for Canada just before the letter 。一般情況下，從句謂語動詞用一般過去時，而主句的謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時。He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his ?！咀⒁狻看司湫屯ǔＷg成“哪里……哪里就……”；主句在從句后面時，there可用可不用；如果主句在從句的前面時，一般都不用there。s是受詞Tom的同位語,指同一人。如：Do you know where he lives?表語從句用作表語，如：My opinion is that you should not go 。謂語動詞前面的部分是主語，后面常接賓語，修飾謂語動詞的是狀語，修飾主語、賓語的是定語，若謂語是系動詞，則系動詞后的部分是表語。同位從句一般跟在某些名詞如answer(答案)，hope(希望)，fact(事實)，belief(信仰)，news(消息)，idea(主意；觀念)，promise(承諾)，information(信息)，conclusion(結(jié)論)，order(命令)，suggestion(建議)，problem(問題)，thought(想法)等后面。同位語與被它限定的詞的格要一致，并常常緊挨在一起。 long as和so long as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句?！咀⒁狻縣ardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相當于as soon as之意。I worked until he came 。還要注意主句和從句之間的時間關(guān)系。Will you watch my clothes while I have a ，請你照看一下我的衣服。一、限定性定語從句，which代表事物；它們在從句中作主語或賓語，that在從句中作賓語時?？墒÷躁P(guān)系詞，which在從句中作賓語則不能省略。第三關(guān)，注意時態(tài)的呼應(yīng)。t know if／whether his grandpa liked the present．作“是否”解的if和whether在具體用法上差別較大，同學(xué)們不易掌握。但句后不能再用but。★ 從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，同位語從句是由連接詞引導(dǎo)，連接詞雖在從句中那個不充當任何成分，但不可省略。區(qū)別（2）同位語從句和先行詞是同等的關(guān)系；而定語從句是用來修飾先行詞，是從屬的關(guān)系?！癐’ve settled everything?！狹ary, what about going boating if it doesn’t rain?瑪麗，如果明天不下雨，我們就劃船好嗎？—Good 。”→He said that he had forgotten to call me the day 。主語如果是名詞時，可以倒裝。如：She said(that)she would e and that she would also bring her ，還要帶她的兒子來。主句為一般現(xiàn)在時，從句可為任何時態(tài)。主句為過去時態(tài), 從句用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)Do you know who she is? Please tell me how long I can keep this knows when he came asked the policeman which is the way to the size shoes does Mary wear? She wanted to wanted to know what size shoes Mary will the train leave? I want to want to know when the train will leave is the new girl in the class?He asked asked her who was the new girl in the class.. do the words mean? The boy asked the boy asked the teacher what the words meant..從句為一般疑問句時，連接詞用whether 或 if，從句改為陳述句語序。如：It says here, on this card, that it was used in ，且由并列連詞連接時，只有第一個連詞that可以省略。這些引述動詞和它們的主語所放位置比較靈活，可以放在直接引語之前、之后或其中。)例如：He said, “I forgot to call you yesterday.”他說：“我昨天忘記給你打電話了。You can get number one if you study 。will be fine（） one can be sure_________ in a million man looks like will man look like man looked like man will look like（） tol