【正文】 could subtly adjust your reflection to make you look ─ and hence feel ─ happier, encouraging you to like what you see. That‘s the idea behind the Emotion Evoking System developed by Shigeo Yoshida and colleagues at the University of Tokyo in Japan. The system can manipulate, or in other word, control your emotions and personal preferences by presenting you with an image of your own smiling or frowning face. The principle that physiological changes can drive emotional ones ─ that laughter es before happiness, rather than the other way around ─ is a wellestablished idea. The researchers wanted to see if this idea could be used to build a puter system that manipulates how you feel. The system works by presenting the user with a webcamera image of his or her face ─ as if they were looking in a mirror. The image is then subtly altered with software, turning the corners of the mouth up or down and changing the area around the eyes, so that the person appears to smile or frown (皺眉 ). Without telling them the aim of the study, the team recruited (招募 ) 21 volunteers and asked them to sit in front of the screen while performing an unrelated task. When the task was plete the participants rated how they felt. When the faces on screen appeared to smile, people reported that they felt happier. On the other hand, when the image was given a sad expression, they reported feeling less happy. Yoshida and his colleagues tested whether manipulating the volunteers‘ emotional state would influence their preferences. Each person was given a scarf to wear and again presented with the altered webcam image. The volunteers that saw themselves smiling while wearing the scarf were more likely to report that they liked it, and those that saw themselves not smiling were less likely. The system could be used to manipulate consumers‘ impressions of products, say the researchers. For example, mirrors in clothingstore fitting rooms could be replaced with screens showing altered reflections. They also suggest people may be more likely to find clothes attractive if they see themselves looking happy while trying them on. ―It‘s certainly an interesting area,‖ says Chris Creed at the University of Birmingham, UK. But he notes that using such technology in a shop would be harder than in the lab, because people will use a wide range of expressions. ―Attempting to make slight differences to these and ensuring that the reflected image looks believable would be much more challenging,‖ he says. Of course, there are also important moral questions surrounding such subtly manipulative technology. ―You could argue that if it makes people happy what harm is it doing?‖ says Creed. ―But I can imagine that many people may feel manipulated, unfortable and cheated if they found out.‖ 63． What‘s the main purpose of the Emotion Evoking System? A. To see whether one‘s feeling can be unconsciously affected. B. To see whether one‘s facial expressions can be altered. C. To see whether laughter es before happiness. D. To replace the mirrors in future clothingstore fitting rooms. 64． What can we learn about the webcamera image in the study? A. It recorded the volunteers‘ performance in the task. B. It gave the volunteers a false image. C. It attempted to make the volunteers feel happier. D. It beautified the volunteers‘ appearance in the mirror. 65． What does Creed mention as a limitation of the technology? A. It only changes the areas around the mouth and the eyes. B. It only works in clothing stores. C. It only makes subtle changes to people‘s expressions. D. It only deals with a limited number of facial expressions. 66． What does Creed‘s ment on the moral issues with this technology imply? A. Nothing is more important than happiness. B. Technology is unable to manipulate people. C. People should make their decisions independently. D. People should neglect the harm of the technology. Section C Directions : Complete the following passage by using the sentences listed below. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Suppose you bee a leader in an anization . It‘s very likely that you‘ll want to have volunteers to help with the anization‘s activities . To do so , it should help understand why people undertake volunteer word and what keeps their interest in the work. Let‘s begin with the question of why people volunteer . ___________67_______________For example , people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness , to expand their range of experiences , and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate . To select volunteers , you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract. People also volunteer because they are required to do so . To increase levels of munity service, some schools have launched pulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately , these programs can shift people‘s wish of participating from an internal factor(.,‘I volunteer because it‘s important to me‖) to an external factor(., ? I volunteer because I‘m required to do so .‖) . When that happens people bee less likely to volunteer in the Once people begin to volunteer ,what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question , researchers have conducted followup studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance , one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year . One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer the researchers note that attention should be given to ―training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience.‖ Anot