【正文】 Pennsylvanian Mary Parker Follett discussed the benefits of group participation. 1911 1913 1916 Frederick W. Taylor Published Principles of Scientific Management Hugh Munsterberg, Father of Industrial Psychology, published his master work. Henri Fayol,French industrialist, published his master work. 1927 1936 1950 Elton Maylor and his Harvard colleagues began their study of the Hawthorne works of Western Ekectric The Academy of Management was founded to advance the study of management. Deming first introduced quality control ideas to top Japanese business manager,which helped Japan to bee worldclass quality leaders. 1950s 1970 1965 The emergence of human relations approach Joan Woodward published her findings on technology’ s impact on anizations. Contingency theories were introduced. 1981 1982 1990 William Ouchi introduced the concept of Theory Z management. Tom Peter and Robert Waterman identified aspects of excellently managed firms and stimulated thinking about management practices. Harvard professor Michael Porter bined economic theory and strategy development to analyze petitive advantage. ?蘇美爾人、埃及人和中國(guó)人（管仲：齊國(guó)士、農(nóng)、工、商四民分業(yè)定居）對(duì)管理有最早的貢獻(xiàn)，當(dāng)時(shí)也取得輝煌成就（如中國(guó)春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)），但自工業(yè)革命以后，這些帝國(guó)就紛紛衰敗了。 , March 17, 2023 ? 雨中黃葉樹，燈下白頭人。 。 2023年 3月 17日星期五 7時(shí) 58分 16秒 07:58:1617 March 2023 ? 1一個(gè)人即使已登上頂峰，也仍要自強(qiáng)不息。 :58:1607:58Mar2317Mar23 ? 1世間成事，不求其絕對(duì)圓滿，留一份不足，可得無(wú)限完美。 ?馬克思主義與吳氏模型 （ 1995） 模型 1：“混合經(jīng)濟(jì)”下的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)模型 1. Y= F (Li,Ki,Ni,Ti,Ci)， Li=gi(Ri)， Ki=hi(Ri)， Ni=si(Ri)，Ti=zi(Ri)， Ci=fi(Ri) (i=1,2,3,4,5,6,7) 2. Q=Y1+Y2+Y3+Y4+Y5+Y6+Y7=?Yi 3. 其中： Q=國(guó)民總產(chǎn)出（或凈產(chǎn)出） 4. Y1=無(wú)進(jìn)出口權(quán)的國(guó)有企業(yè) 5. Y2=有進(jìn)出口權(quán)的國(guó)有企業(yè)（主要是外貿(mào)公司） 6. Y3=利用國(guó)外貸款的國(guó)有企業(yè) 7. Y4=私人企業(yè)（包括城鄉(xiāng)所有個(gè)體戶） 8. Y5=鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)（包括所有農(nóng)民集體企業(yè)） 9. Y6=集體企業(yè)（包括所有非農(nóng)戶集體企業(yè)） 10. Y7=“三資”企業(yè) 模型 2：市場(chǎng)為主導(dǎo)的