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基于a粒子群算法的控制系統(tǒng)pid參數(shù)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)分析畢業(yè)論文(留存版)

  

【正文】 。目前PSO算法還沒(méi)有成熟的理論分析,少部分研究者對(duì)算法的收斂性進(jìn)行了分析,大部分研究者在算法的結(jié)構(gòu)和性能改善方面進(jìn)行研究,包括參數(shù)分析,拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu),粒子多樣性保持,算法融合和性能比較等。要實(shí)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的優(yōu)化必須具備兩個(gè)條件,一是存在一個(gè)優(yōu)化目標(biāo);另一是具有多個(gè)方案可供選擇。這種目標(biāo)函數(shù)的表達(dá)式為 ()其中e(t)=r(t)y(t)表示系統(tǒng)誤差。在這些過(guò)程中,由于純滯后的存在,使得被調(diào)量不能及時(shí)反映系統(tǒng)所受的擾動(dòng),即使測(cè)量信號(hào)達(dá)到調(diào)節(jié)器,調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)關(guān)接受調(diào)節(jié)信號(hào)后立即動(dòng)作,也需要經(jīng)過(guò)純滯后時(shí)間以后,才波及被調(diào)量,使之受到控制。為了保證系統(tǒng)輸出響應(yīng)無(wú)殘差,一般要求兩個(gè)PID動(dòng)作調(diào)節(jié)器。在實(shí)現(xiàn)了最佳燃燒控制與最佳爐溫控制后,克服爐溫慣性問(wèn)題愈顯重要。確切的說(shuō)是爐溫變化的速度跟不上。 粒子群算法參數(shù)整定用粒子群算法優(yōu)化后得到的參數(shù)為=,=,=。因此,采用粒子群算法的優(yōu)越性是顯而易見(jiàn)的。 %學(xué)習(xí)因子1c2=。 end if p(i)fitness(pg,D) pg=y(i,:)。 proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control。 HF %適應(yīng)度函數(shù)源程序()function result=fitness(x,D)sum=0。 endend%進(jìn)入主要循環(huán),按照公式依次迭代,直到滿足精度要求for t=1:MaxDT for i=1:N v(i,:)=w*v(i,:)+c1*rand*(y(i,:)x(i,:))+c2*rand*(pgx(i,:))。謹(jǐn)以此文獻(xiàn)給養(yǎng)育我、愛(ài)護(hù)我、關(guān)心我、支持我的親人和朋友們,謝謝你們!參考文獻(xiàn)[1] 邱黎輝,等.模糊PID控制在中央空調(diào)系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用[J].計(jì)算機(jī)測(cè)量與控制,2004,12(1):1526.[2] Ho MingJzu,Lin ChiaYin.PID controller design for robust performance[J].IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control,2003,48(8):38.[3] Ho M.T.Robust and nonfragile PID controller design [J].Robust Nonlinear Control,2001,11:681708.[4] 夏紅,賞星耀,宋建成.PID參數(shù)自整定方法綜述[J].浙江科技學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),2003,12(15):912.[5] 熊志強(qiáng),王煒,邱祖廉.一種新型PID自整定方法[J].控制工程, 2003,5(10):1117.[6] ChiaJu Wu and ChingHuo Huang,A Hybrid Method for Parameter Tuning of PID Controllers[J].1996,6:215266.[7] Reynolds C W.Flocks,herds and schools:A distributed behavioral model[J].Computer Graphics,1987,21(4):2534.[8] Hepper F,U Grenander.A stochastic nonlinear model for coordinated bird flocks[A].In:Krasner S.The Ubiquity of Chaos[C].Washington DC:AAAS Publications,1990.[9] Shi Y,Eberhart R.A modified particle swarm optimizer[A].In:IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence[C].Piscataway,NJ:IEEE Press,1998:6973.[10] 賢思齊,優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)及常用優(yōu)化方法特點(diǎn)比較[M].2001.[11] 宋云霞,朱學(xué)峰.大時(shí)滯過(guò)程控制方法與應(yīng)用[J].化工自動(dòng)化及儀表,2001,28 (4):915.附錄 A(程序清單)基本粒子群優(yōu)化算法Matlab源程序 %初始格式化clear all。,加了Smith預(yù)估補(bǔ)償器后,系統(tǒng)的超調(diào)量有了明顯進(jìn)步,穩(wěn)定時(shí)間也相對(duì)降低,有效的改善了控制品質(zhì)。記錄下此時(shí)的比例帶d值,并計(jì)算兩個(gè)波峰的間距,記做。如欲將爐溫由900℃升到1000℃,當(dāng)爐溫達(dá)到設(shè)定值1000℃ 后,由于其慣性作用,溫度值會(huì)偏離設(shè)定值而升到1100℃。 加熱爐系統(tǒng)的重要特點(diǎn)在加熱爐爐溫控制過(guò)程中都會(huì)遇到純滯后調(diào)節(jié)控制問(wèn)題,因?yàn)榧訜釥t的溫度控制是一個(gè)典型的純滯后工藝對(duì)象,爐溫的滯后不僅僅浪費(fèi)能源。常用的有史密斯(Smith)預(yù)估補(bǔ)償方法,當(dāng)然還有一些改進(jìn)過(guò)的史密斯(Smith)預(yù)估補(bǔ)償方法,比如1977年甲而思和巴特利在史密斯方法的基礎(chǔ)上提出了增益的自適應(yīng)補(bǔ)償方案。因此本文在選擇目標(biāo)函數(shù)的表達(dá)式取。第二類是誤差型目標(biāo)函數(shù),它是采用期望響應(yīng)和實(shí)際響應(yīng)之差的某個(gè)函數(shù)作為目標(biāo)函數(shù)。在日常的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中,常常需要根據(jù)產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)的要求,合理地確定各種參數(shù),以達(dá)到最佳的設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)。w較大,全局收斂能力強(qiáng),局部收斂能力弱;w較小,局部收斂能力強(qiáng),全局收斂能力弱。(5)根據(jù)方程()和方程()對(duì)粒子的速度和位置進(jìn)行進(jìn)化。在仿真中,一開(kāi)始每一只鳥(niǎo)都沒(méi)有特定的飛行目標(biāo),只是使用簡(jiǎn)單的規(guī)則確定自己的飛行方向和飛行速度(每一只鳥(niǎo)都試圖留在鳥(niǎo)群中而又不相互碰撞),當(dāng)有一只鳥(niǎo)飛到棲息地時(shí),它周圍的鳥(niǎo)也會(huì)跟著飛向棲息地,這樣,整個(gè)鳥(niǎo)群都會(huì)落在棲息地。每種控制方法都有各自的優(yōu)點(diǎn)以及適用范圍,在實(shí)際的操作中不同的方法來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)同一控制模型,其精確度也會(huì)有差別。影響控制系統(tǒng)指標(biāo)的因素除了對(duì)象的時(shí)間常數(shù)、放大系數(shù)及滯后常數(shù)外,還有調(diào)節(jié)器的參數(shù)整定情況。信息素按照一定的比例釋放的。 optimal design。關(guān)鍵詞 目標(biāo)函數(shù);PID參數(shù);粒子群算法;優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì);SIMULINKOptimal design of PID parameter of the control system based on Particle Swarm OptimizationAbstractThe main purpose of this paper is to study the optimal design of PID parameter of the control system based on Particle Swarm Optimization and find a way to improve the PID control. There are a lot of methods of optimization for the parameters of PID, and each of them has its own characteristics. The proper methods need to be selected according to the actual characteristics of the system. In this paper we adopt the Particle Swarm Optimization to tune the parameters. To finish it, the following tasks should be done. First, select the target function of the control system. The target function of the control system should be chosen as the absolute value of the error multiplied by time. Then we simulate the control system gradually, and analyze the results of the process. Because the solution of the target function cannot be worked out directly, this design adopts simulation gradually. Second, this paper adopts the engineering method (the critical ratio method) to determine its initial parameters , then uses the Particle Swarm Optimization to get a series better PID parameters. Third, this paper uses the tool of SIMULINK to optimize the parameters of PID and gets the response curve of the system. By contrast with the two response curves, it is clearly that the performance has improved a lot than the former one. Therefore, it is obviously to find the advantages in using the Particle Swarm Optimization.Key word: target function。在每一代,根據(jù)個(gè)體的適應(yīng)度大小挑選出較好的個(gè)體,并借助于自然遺傳學(xué)的遺傳算子進(jìn)行組合交叉和變異,產(chǎn)生出代表新的解集的種群。K,和T可用圖解法等得出。因此出現(xiàn)了許多自整定算法[5]。(3)飛向鳥(niǎo)群中心,且整個(gè)群體飛向目標(biāo)。(2)根據(jù)適應(yīng)度函數(shù)計(jì)算各粒子的適應(yīng)度值。1998年,Yuhui Shi[9]提出了帶有慣性權(quán)重的改進(jìn)粒子群算法。但是實(shí)際工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程往往具有非線性、時(shí)變不確定性等困難性,難以建立精確的數(shù)學(xué)模型,應(yīng)用常規(guī)PID控制器不能達(dá)到理想的控制效果。選擇不同的目標(biāo)函數(shù)的出發(fā)點(diǎn)是使它即能比較明確的反映系統(tǒng)的品質(zhì),又便于計(jì)算。(3)誤差絕對(duì)值積分型。可以采用微分先行的控制方案,即將微分作用移動(dòng)到反饋前面,以加強(qiáng)微分作用,達(dá)到減小超調(diào)量的目的。 Smith預(yù)估補(bǔ)償系統(tǒng)一般型框圖。在加熱爐最佳溫度控制系統(tǒng)中,配備了先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)控制系統(tǒng),建立了復(fù)雜的數(shù)學(xué)模型。設(shè)在本控制系統(tǒng)中采用傳遞函數(shù):第 4 章 系統(tǒng)仿真研究 工程上的參數(shù)整定對(duì)于本文選中的加熱爐模型。 改變不同的值所觀察到的圖形 改變不同的值所觀察到的圖形,增大增加了系統(tǒng)了超調(diào)量;而減少則相對(duì)地降低了系統(tǒng)超調(diào)量;無(wú)則系統(tǒng)存在余差。老師淵博的知識(shí)、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)目茖W(xué)態(tài)度和勤奮的工作作風(fēng),以及對(duì)問(wèn)題清晰敏銳的洞察力、勤奮的工作作風(fēng)都給我留下了深刻的印象,她對(duì)我學(xué)業(yè)上的指導(dǎo)和幫助將使我終生受益。 y(i,:)=x(i,:)。)Result=fitness(pg,D)disp(39?!痵 Theorem [16], we conclude thatis Hurwitz for all and[0,2).Sufficiency Proceeding by contradiction, we assume that conditionsa) and b) are true, butSince is a continuous function ofandthen there must exist at least one such thatTherefore, it implies that there exist and[0,2)such thatand this obviously contradicts condition b).Consider the stable weighting functions and , where, and are some real polynomials. Also, we denote the closedloop characteristic polynomial to beFor notational simplicity, we define the plex polynomialThe objective of this note is to determine stabilizing PID controllers such that the robust performance condition (2) holds. Based on Lemma 1, the problem of synthesizing PID controllers for robust performance can be converted into the problem of determining values of for which the following conditions hold:1) is Hurwitz。******************************************************
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