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tures: 特點(diǎn): (1)New poetical forms introduced, . blank verse and son。 新的詩(shī)歌形式引入,例如韻詩(shī)和十四行詩(shī) 。Epithalamion 新婚喜歌 ) 女王的仙女 An allegory。 a good use of a language。和麥克白的權(quán)欲激起他的雄心和使他不斷的罪行。有素質(zhì)的“血和防雷”驚悚片和哲學(xué)探索生命與死亡 Francis Bacon 弗蘭西斯 .培根 a well known philosopher scientist and essayist。爭(zhēng)取自由的所有方面作為一個(gè)基督教人文主義 Paradise Lost 失樂(lè)園 Satan, after being defeated in his rebel against God, tempts Adam and Eve to eat the apples from the Forbidden Tree, and causes the Fall of Man 撒旦被擊敗后,在他的反抗上帝,誘惑亞當(dāng)和夏娃吃蘋(píng)果從紫禁城樹(shù),并造成人類(lèi)沒(méi)落之日 The Neoclassical Period 1. age: 16601798 2. background: The English society of the neoclassical period was a turbulent one. Fast development of England as a nation。s plain in style and it is easy to read. 全面研究的理論文學(xué)批評(píng) 。 ―the just copies of human manners‖ Easy\unlaboured\familiar\extremely vivid and vigorous\ logic and rhythm 首先是 18 世紀(jì)英國(guó)小說(shuō)家寫(xiě)的 “漫畫(huà)史詩(shī)的散文” 。 took ―This World‖ as ―a World of Imagination and Vision‖, declaring that ―The Nature of my work is visionary and imaginative‖ Plain\direct\lyric beauty\symbolism 第一個(gè)重要的浪漫主義詩(shī)人 。的休戚的普通老百姓是他的主題 。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)哭呼吁全體勞動(dòng)人民的英格蘭奮起反抗他們的政治壓迫者和地址指出它們的難以忍受的不公正的經(jīng)濟(jì)剝削 2 。 Bleak House。斗爭(zhēng)承認(rèn)她的基本權(quán)利和平等作為一個(gè)女人。 Fitzergerald。 The Doctor?s Dilemma(political play)) ( 圣瓊(歷史?。? 。 his style is both simple and rich, colloquial and formal, with a quality of metaphysical wit and symbolic vision。戀愛(ài)中的女人 。 The Lake Isle of Innisfree 茵尼斯弗利島 Down By The Salley Gardens 在闊葉柳花園旁邊 1. sight to escape into an ideal ―fairyland‖ where he could live calmly as a hermit and enjoy the beauty nature 2. an old song from an old peasant woman 1 。醫(yī)生的困境(政治發(fā)揮) ) a play about the economic oppression of woman 話劇的經(jīng)濟(jì)壓迫的女人 John A conventional writer, having inherited the fine traditions of the The Man of Property有 產(chǎn) Soames(husband),Irene(wife),Bosinney(wife‘s lover) Galsworthy 約翰 .高爾斯華瑞 great Victorian novelists of the critical realism。評(píng)價(jià):自然( DHLawrance 。她越興奮喜悅通過(guò)犧牲自己或她的弱點(diǎn)克服 3 。 Hard Times。 exact and closely knit construction, sensual description 感性,豐富多彩的圖像 。 Italian form 一個(gè)生動(dòng)的圖片的一個(gè)美麗的早晨,我 241。了“這世界”是“世界的想象力和視野” ,宣稱“我的本質(zhì)工作是有遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)的和富有想象力的” 平原 \直接 \抒情美容 \象征 The Chimney Sweeper/Songs of Innocence 掃煙囪的孩子 /天真之歌 The Chimney Sweeper/Songs of Experience 掃煙囪的孩子 /經(jīng)驗(yàn)之歌 The Tyger 老虎 煙囪清掃車(chē) /詩(shī)經(jīng)純真 掃煙囪的孩子 /天真之歌 煙囪清掃車(chē) /經(jīng)驗(yàn)之歌 掃煙囪的孩子 /經(jīng)驗(yàn)之歌 在老虎老虎 1. indicates the conditions of the exploitation of child labor, which make religion a consolation。使用第三人稱敘事 。書(shū)面的形式,英勇春聯(lián),這是平原的風(fēng)格很容易閱讀。 advocated universal education (3)reviving the interest in old classical works (neoclassicism) (4)keep to order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy (5)had specific rules for almost every genre of literature 新古典時(shí)期 1 。 his Essays is an important landmark in the development of English prose brevity\pactness\powerfulness 著名的科學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家散文家 。 The Rape of Lucrece 魯克麗斯受辱記 。 of three quatrains and a couplet(三節(jié)四行詩(shī)加一節(jié)偶句 )。 a hero represent one of the 12 virtues。s dignity and his worldly happiness 普遍傾向于以人為本,強(qiáng)調(diào)人的尊嚴(yán)和他的世俗的幸福 Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙 .斯賓賽 1. The poet39。 the Church of England broke away from the Catholic Church 背景:刺激了重新發(fā)現(xiàn)古羅馬和希臘的經(jīng)典 。燦爛想象力 。 English form Shakespeare 威廉 .莎士比亞 creation of characters。民族團(tuán)結(jié)強(qiáng)大的和公正的主權(quán)是必要的, ―國(guó)王的政府必須繼續(xù)下去” (在一個(gè)強(qiáng)大英明的君主統(tǒng)治下的國(guó)家,統(tǒng)一是非常必要的) (每個(gè)英雄有自己 weekness 的性質(zhì):哈姆雷特,學(xué)者的憂郁王子,面臨著兩難境地的行動(dòng)和思想 。今天,許多人往往把發(fā)揮作為一個(gè)諷刺的基督信徒的虛偽和虛假標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的友誼和愛(ài)情,他們狡猾的方式追求世故和他們毫無(wú)偏見(jiàn)對(duì)猶太人(夏洛克) 。渲染和說(shuō)明國(guó)家正在戀愛(ài) 2 。其目的是敦促人們遵守基督教教義,并尋求通過(guò)不斷的斗爭(zhēng)救贖自己的弱點(diǎn)和各種社會(huì)丑惡現(xiàn)象 Alexander Pope 亞歷山大 .蒲伯 Strongly advocated neoclassicism, emphasizing that literary works should be judged by classical rules of order, reason, logic, restrained emotion, good taste and decorum Satiric\concise\smooth\graceful\wellbalanced style 大力倡導(dǎo)新古典主義,強(qiáng)調(diào)文學(xué)作品應(yīng)該是評(píng)判古典規(guī)則秩序,因此,邏輯,克制情緒,品味和禮儀 On Criticism 論批評(píng) a prehensive study of the theories of literary criticism。 the first to give the modern novel its structure and style。背景:今后隨著法國(guó)大革命和工業(yè)革命 3 。 poetry originates from ―emotion recollected in tranquillity‖ 一個(gè)“信徒的性質(zhì)” 。因此,他的數(shù)字是一個(gè)叛逆的個(gè)人對(duì)陳腐的社會(huì)制度和 公約。 David Copperfield。夏洛特的作品都是關(guān)于斗爭(zhēng)的意識(shí),實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)人的自我實(shí)現(xiàn),一些孤獨(dú)和被忽視的年輕婦女,以激烈的渴望愛(ài)情,理解和充分, happylife 。女性的悲劇在于他們的出生(遺傳影響) 自然主義和心理小說(shuō) Middlemarch A Study of Provincial Life 米德?tīng)栺R契,外省生活研究 a full view of life in a small Englishtown 充分考慮到生活在一個(gè)小英語(yǔ)水平測(cè)驗(yàn) Thomas Hardy 扥馬斯 .哈代 1. evaluation: naturalist (。自然主義:達(dá)爾文的“適者生存” ( 1 )人是天生的悲劇不可避免地約束自己的遺傳特征 ( 2 )證明人面前無(wú)能為力但是他試圖命運(yùn),他很少越獄他注定的命運(yùn) The Modern Period : 19141945 (1)natural and social sciences enormously advanced (2)capitalism came into its monopoly stage (3)the gap between the rich and the poor was further deepened (4)World War 1 2 broke ideas influence this period: all kinds of philosophical ideas (1)Karl Marx: scientific socialism (2)Darwin?s theory of evolution, survival of the fittest (3)Freud?s analytical psychology (4)The irrationalist philosophers give immense influence : (1)Modernism originated from skepticism and disillusion of capitalism (2)The French symbolism announced modernism (3)takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psychoanalysis as its theoretical base. The major themes are the distorted, alienated and ill relationships between Modernism and Realism Modernism is a reaction against realism in many aspects (1)Modernism rejects rationalism, which is the theoretical base of Realism (2)Modernism reflects the source of Realism, i. 現(xiàn)代時(shí)期 : 1914 年至 45 年 ( 1 )自然和社會(huì)科學(xué)先進(jìn)的巨大 ( 2 )資本主義進(jìn)入壟斷階段 ( 3 )之間的差距,富國(guó)和窮國(guó)進(jìn)一步深化 ( 4 ) 2 月 1 日第二次世界大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā) 這一時(shí)期的思想的影響:各種哲學(xué)思想 ( 1 )卡爾馬克思:科學(xué)社會(huì)主義 ( 2 )達(dá)爾文的進(jìn)化論“適者生存” ( 3 )弗洛伊德的分析心理學(xué) ( 4 ) irrationalist 哲學(xué)家讓巨大影響 : ( 1 )現(xiàn)代主義起源于懷疑和幻想破滅的資本主義 ( 2 )宣布,法國(guó)象征主義的現(xiàn)代主義 ( 3 )以非理性的哲學(xué)和理論的心理分析作為其理論基礎(chǔ)。在衡平 。宣布,任何鎮(zhèn)壓性沖動(dòng)的社會(huì),宗教或道德價(jià)值的文明世界將造成