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藥物效應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)ppt課件(留存版)

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【正文】 道,產(chǎn)生膜電位的改變 ? 一種受體能激活多種 G蛋白,而一種G蛋白可轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)給效應(yīng)器多個(gè)信號(hào),調(diào)節(jié)許多細(xì)胞功能 配體門控離子通道型受體 receptors linked to ligandgated ion channel 該受體與配體結(jié)合后,受體發(fā)生構(gòu)象變化,則導(dǎo)致一特定的離子通道的開放,允許某種離子流經(jīng)質(zhì)膜,導(dǎo)致膜電位的改變,使細(xì)胞膜去極化或超極化,產(chǎn)生興奮或抑制效應(yīng) 具有酪氨酸激酶活性受體 tyrosine kinase receptor ? 當(dāng)配體結(jié)合到該受體的細(xì)胞外區(qū)域,受體發(fā)生構(gòu)象變化,激活其細(xì)胞內(nèi)區(qū)域發(fā)生自身磷酸化 ? 磷酸化的受體可被胞質(zhì)中其它蛋白識(shí)別,進(jìn)而調(diào)整多種胞內(nèi)事件,使細(xì)胞對(duì)激素作出適當(dāng)反應(yīng) ? 磷酸化的受體也可以直接使胞內(nèi)一些靶蛋白磷酸化 細(xì)胞內(nèi)受體 intracellular receptor 一些小的親脂激素可跨膜擴(kuò)散,而后與胞質(zhì)內(nèi)或核內(nèi)的胞內(nèi)受體相互作用,產(chǎn)生的激素受體復(fù)合物結(jié)合到 DNA上,進(jìn)而影響某些基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄 受體后的細(xì)胞內(nèi)信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo) Signal transduction of postreceptor 第二信使 Second messenger 第一信使:激素、遞質(zhì)、細(xì)胞因子 第二信使:第一信使結(jié)合到受體上,導(dǎo)致某些胞內(nèi)信號(hào)分子稱為第二信使的濃度短暫的升高,從而會(huì)迅速改變細(xì)胞的功能 第二信使 ? ATP 環(huán)磷腺苷 cAMP ? GTP 環(huán)磷鳥苷 cGMP ? 磷脂酰肌醇 4, 5二磷酸 肌醇磷脂 ( IP3,DAG) ? 鈣離子 IP3 Ca2+釋放 DAG 腺苷酸環(huán)化酶 ( AC) 鳥苷酸環(huán)化酶 ( GC) 磷脂酶 C 蛋白激酶 C 受體的調(diào)節(jié) 受體處于不斷代謝的 動(dòng)態(tài)平衡狀態(tài),其數(shù)量、親和力和反應(yīng)性經(jīng)常受各種生理及藥理因素的影響而向上、下調(diào)節(jié) 調(diào)節(jié)方式 ? 受體脫敏 (receptor desensitization) 長(zhǎng)期使用一種 激動(dòng)劑 后,組織或細(xì)胞對(duì)其敏感性和反應(yīng)性下降的現(xiàn)象 ? 受體增敏 (receptor hypersensitization) 與受體脫敏相反的一種現(xiàn)象,可因受體激動(dòng)劑水平降低或長(zhǎng)期使用 拮抗劑而造成 Pharmacodynamics (how drugs work on the body) The action of a drug on the body, including receptor interactions, doseresponse phenomena, and mechanisms of therapeutic and toxic action. dose response relationship ? Graded – response measured on a continuous scale ? Quantal – response is an either/or event ? often derived from frequency distribution of doses required to produce a specified effect ? relates dose and frequency of response in a population of individuals graded dose response curves ? Efficacy is the maximal response a drug can produce ? Potency is the different dose of tow drugs that are needed to produce the same effect (such as EC50) quantal dose response curves (used in populations, response is yes/no) Therapeutic index =LD50orTD50/ED50) Quantification of drug safety The higher the TI the safer the drug Agonists and antagonists ?agonist has affinity plus full intrinsic activity ?antagonist has affinity but no intrinsic activity ?partial agonist has affinity and less
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