【正文】 d arrhythmias Pharmacological Effects ? blood pressure – At low concentration: systolic pressure increase – At high concentration: both systolic and diastolic pressure increase Pharmacological Effects ? Smooth muscle: – Bronchus:Bronchiolar smooth muscle relaxes(β2 effects)。Block the release of histamine(β2 effects) – gastrointestinal tract – bladder – Eye: ocular pressure reduction – skeletal muscle Pharmacological Effects ? Metabolic effects – increase in glucoses and lactate production via glycogenolysis – inhibition of insulin secretion (αR) – increase in free fatty acid and oxygen consumption . Pharmacological Effects ? CNS – At therapeutic doses – In toxic doses, excitement, agitation, convulsion pharmacokiics ? Adr absorption is poor with oral administration ? Adr absorption is slow with hyodermic administration ? can be given iv or im Therapeutic Uses ? cardiac arrest ? anaphylactic shock ? Asthma and acute hypersensitivity reaction ? prolong the duration of local anesthesia ? Glaua Adverse Effects ? Palpitation, headache ? BP , arrhythmia ? Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism Drug interactions ? General anesthetics ? Psychotropic drugs ? βblockers Ephedrine ? absorbed when taken orally ? CNS effects may occur: such as insomnia, nervousness, nausea and agitation ? resistant to